Fractionation of heavy metals in contaminated soil after amendment with composted cow manure and poultry litter
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S. I. BIOCHAR
Fractionation of heavy metals in contaminated soil after amendment with composted cow manure and poultry litter Bushra Haroon 1 & Muhammad Irshad 1,2 & Farhan Hafeez 1 & Arshid Pervez 1 & Faridullah 1 Received: 4 October 2018 / Accepted: 27 February 2019 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2019
Abstract Irrigation of agricultural fields with industrial wastewater results in the accumulation of heavy metals (HM) in soils. This situation could be harmful to animals and humans health. Therefore, this study investigated HM fractions in soils treated with composted cow manure and poultry litter. Before application, manures were composted with privet and Italian cypress residues at the ratio of 1:0, 1:1, and 1:2 (animal manure:plant residues). The results showed that extraction of HM fractions reduced from contaminated soils depending upon the type and ratio of composted manure applied. Heavy metal fractions in soils reduced significantly as compost application rates increased and decreased as the amount of privet and cypress wastes in the compost increased. Heavy metals were released less from the soil amended with composted poultry litter as compared to soil samples containing cow manure. Mixing of soil with manure containing cypress residues reduced heavy metal concentrations more than the composted material containing privet residues. Concentrations of HM in polluted soil varied as Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cd irrespective of the extracting agent. The concentration of HM differed among fractions as residual metal > oxide associated metal > carbonate associated metal > organically bound metal > exchangeable metal. Overall treatments of manures composted with plant waste reduced the extractability of HM from soil, and this would be beneficial for limiting HM bioavailability from contaminated soils. Keywords Fractionation . Heavy metals . Contaminated soil . Cow manure . Poultry litter . Privet . Cypress
Introduction Environmental pollution is a serious global issue caused by industrial activities in the form of toxic heavy metals in the environment (Rajeswari and Sailaja 2014). Addition of heavy metals in the environment after the development of industrial network has become an alarming situation (Asante 2017). This situation has been causing serious impacts on the public health (Toth et al. 2016). In Pakistan, the industrial wastewater This article is part of the Topical Collection on Implications of Biochar Application to Soil Environment under Arid Conditions * Muhammad Irshad [email protected] * Farhan Hafeez [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
2
Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Hamasaka Cho, Tottori City 680-0001, Japan
is widely used for irrigation purposes. The sewage water and industrial effluents can have serious impact on the irrigation water, but these effluents are known as the rich source of organic matter containing essential plant nutrients. The industrial and sewage wastewa
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