Fracture Mechanics of Functionally Graded Materials
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MRS BULLETIN/JANUARY 1995
released energy and the energy required to create new fracture surfaces in the material. In applications, generally the strain energy release rate G or the stress intensity factor K is used as the measure of the energy added, and the fracture toughness Gc or the critical stress intensity factor Kc as the measure of the energy to create new fracture surfaces. Thus, G and K are the calculated quantities that represent the intensity of the applied loads and the severity of flaw geometry, and Gc and Kc are the measured quantities representing the resistance of the medium to fracture. K is the coefficient of the stress singularity at the crack tip, and its calculation requires the solution of the related crack problem.1 The terms G and K are related through G = (1 - v2)K2/E, where E and v are the elastic constants. The comparison of K and
Figure 1. The strain-energy release rate for two symmetrically located edge cracks along the interface between a homogeneous substrate and a homogeneous coating (marked as "one layer") or FGM coatings of various compositions. The external load is a uniform temperature change AT, and Es, vs, and
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