Functionally Graded Materials Design, Processing and Applications
Seven years have elapsed since Dr. Renee Ford, editor-in-chief of Materials Technology, first suggested to me to publish a book on Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). She said that the FGM concept, then largely unknown outside of Japan and a relatively
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MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY SERIES Series editor: Renee G. Ford The Materials Technology series is dedicated to state-of-the-art areas of materials synthesis and processing as related to the applications of the technology. By thorough presentation of the science underlying the technology, it is anticipated that these books will be of practical value both for materials scientists and engineers in industry and for engineering students to acquaint them with developments at the forefront of materials technology that have potential commercial significance. Ceramic Injection Molding Beebhas C. Mutsuddy and Renee G. Ford Hardbound (0412 53810 5) Cryochemical Technology of Advanced Materials Yu. D. Tretyakov, N.N. Oleynikov and O.A. Shkyajhtin Hardbound (0 412 63980 7) Modelling of Materials Processing Gregory C. Stangle Hardbound (041253810 5) Porous Materials Kozo Ishizaki, Sridhar Komameni, Makota Nanko Hardbound (0412711109)
FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS Design, Processing and Applications edited by
Y. Miyamoto Professor, Joining and Welding Research Institute Osaka University
W. A. Kaysser Director, Institute for Materials Research German Aerospace Center
B.H. Rabin President, GA Powders, Inc.
A. Kawasaki Professor, Faculty of Engineering Tohoku University
Renee G. Ford President, Renford Communications, Ltd.
SPRINGER SCIENCE+ BUSINESS MEDIA. llC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Functionally graded materials : design, processing, and applications I edited by Y. Miyamoto. em. --(Materials technology series) p. ISBN 978-0-412-60760-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-5301-4 ( eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-5301-4
Functionally gradient materials. I. Miyamoto, Yoshinari. I. Series: Materials technology series (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC) II. TA418.9.F85F86 1999 99-40751 620.1'1--dc21
CIP Copyright ® 1999 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Printed on acid-free paper.
ABOUT THE SCULPTURE SHOWN ON THE COVER The cover image of "Winged Torso", a sculpture which is composed of a cast polyester resin substrate that has been flame-sprayed fIrst with zinc and then with bronze. After polishing, the patina of the fmal piece is similar to foundry bronze and the high fIdelity of the substrate's features is maintained. Throughout history, sculpture has been the focus of interaction between mankind's need for creative expression and the available materials technology. The Fusion Bronze™ process used to create this sculpture by Boston sculptor Barbara Rubin-Katz l unites flame sprayed functionally graded metals with the sculptor's art.
FUSION BRONZE™ The Fusion Bronze™ process utilizes molten metal spray technology in which
