From Sugar to Splenda A Personal and Scientific Journey of a Carbohy

More than just coincidence connects a Tate & Lyle lawsuit and artificial sweetener to Jamaican-born Chemist Bert Fraser-Reid. From his first experience of Chemistry through his diabetic father, to his determination and drive as a Chemistry student in

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Bert Fraser-Reid

From Sugar to Splenda A Personal and Scientific Journey of a Carbohydrate Chemist and Expert Witness

Prof. Dr. Bert Fraser-Reid 595 Weathersfield Road Fearrington Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312-8717 USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-3-642-22780-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-22781-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-22781-3 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011939836 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover image: The Interior of a Sugar Boiling House (1840) from the London Illustrated News, June 9, 1840. (Courtesy of the National Library of Jamaica). Splenda1 is a registered trademark owned by the company JOHNSON & JOHNSON CORPORATION NEW JERSEY. Cover illustration: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper Springer-Verlag is a part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com)

Dedication

I dedicate this book to the two women who, in different ways, have made it possible. Joyce, the surviving of five siblings, has been a surrogate mother, ever since our real mother died when I was 9 months old, and she a preteen of 12 years. She continues to bless me with love and her never—failing concern about my health and well-being. Thanks to her, I cannot lament that I did not know my mother, nor a mother’s love. Lillian, my wife of 48 years, has “brought me up” along with daughter, Andrea, and son Terry. Sometimes I think she had an easier time with them. She has been a sounding-board for my bright ideas – such as writing this book. Her patience, love and support have been severely stretched during the last three years – but still they remain unbroken. The blessing of our true family begins with her, and envelopes our wonderful children and grand children. Pittsboro, NC, USA

Bertram Fraser-Reid

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Preface

The patent infringement litigation that is summarized in Chapters 7 – 17, is the impetus that prompted me to write this book. Actually, the impetus was multifaceted; but all facets converged to bring about my presence as an expert witness, in the Court of the United States International Trade Commission. As a native Jamaican, the history, ramifications, politics, manufacture, economics etc. of “sugar” were abs