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addressed. "Information, analysis, and advice are most useful...when presented in such a way that they can be readily applied to the decision-making process," says Scientists interested in finding out how the report. The report also offers insights into the Congress develops science policy and content and quality of effective communiwhat can be done to improve the complex cation between legislators and scientists, process will find useful two reports by the who often view problems and solutions in Carnegie Commission's Committee on different terms. Most useful according to Science, Technology, and Congress. The first report, Science, Technology, and the Committee are brief, nontechnical reCongress: Expert Advice and the Decision- ports that summarize key facts, present Making Process, considers the mechanisms policy issues and options, and suggest a by which Congress receives and uses infor- course of action that takes into account political and economic realities. "The information, expert analyses, and advice from mation received by staff rarely has all these sources outside Congress, including acacharacteristics," notes the report. demia, industry, and nongovernmental organizations. 'Trust is the key to access to Members and staff," finds the Committee. "Building Members of Congress and their staff do relationships and creating mechanisms to not need more information, says the Comnurture trust are as important as improvmittee, but they need high-quality inforing the quality of analyses available to Conmation directed specifically to issues of gress." concern to them. The information should be accurate, balanced (biases clearly identiRecommendations are grouped into fied), properly packaged, readily accessithose for consideration by Congress and ble, and delivered when the issue is being those directed toward the scientific com-
Carnegie Commission Examines Congressional Science Policy Formulation
munity. The Committee recommends that Congress: • Establish a bipartisan Science and Technology Study Conference or related bicameral legislative service organization to function as a focal point for the timely analysis of science and technology related legislative issues, to develop strategies to address matters that cut across multiple committees, and to facilitate the acquisition and dissemination of information on science and technology related activities; • Improve its approaches to obtaining science and technology analyses and advice from the scientific community; • Devise a way to make direct requests for certain studies to the National Academy of Sciences complex; • More frequently use the results of the scientific merit review process in making decisions on the funding of science and technology projects and facilities; • Make scientific and technical information developed at hearings and elsewhere more readily available to the scientific community and to the public.
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