Frontiers in strain-engineered multifunctional ferroic materials
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unctional Oxides Prospective Article
Frontiers in strain-engineered multifunctional ferroic materials Joshua C. Agar, Shishir Pandya, Ruijuan Xu, Ajay K. Yadav, Zhiqi Liu, Thomas Angsten, and Sahar Saremi, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Mark Asta, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA R. Ramesh, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94270, USA Lane W. Martin, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Address all correspondence to Joshua C. Agar at [email protected] (Received 21 June 2016; accepted 2 August 2016)
Abstract Multifunctional, complex oxides capable of exhibiting highly-coupled electrical, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic susceptibilities have been pursued to address a range of salient technological challenges. Today, efforts are focused on addressing the pressing needs of a range of applications and identifying, understanding, and controlling materials with the potential for enhanced or novel responses. In this prospective, we highlight important developments in theoretical and computational techniques, materials synthesis, and characterization techniques. We explore how these new approaches could revolutionize our ability to discover, probe, and engineer these materials and provide a context for new arenas where these materials might make an impact.
Introduction In the last 70 years, there has been a strong focus on designing and engineering materials with “functional” properties—i.e., materials that can convert or transduce energy (e.g., electrical, thermal, mechanical, etc.) for a useful purpose (e.g., sensing, energy production, positioning, etc.).[1,2] Such materials are critical as they underpin our ability to address a range of salient technological challenges, including how we process and store information, sense and understand the world around us, produce energy, and much more.[3–6] In this regard, ferroic materials, and in particular those which are ferroelectric, magnetic, and/or multiferroic have received considerable interest due to their field switchable stable spontaneous (electric and/or magnetic) polarization which is strongly coupled to the thermal and mechanical responses of the material (represented in an adapted Heckmann diagram, Fig. 1). In particular, some of the most widely studied multifunctional materials are complex oxides which exhibit at least three of these functionalities. The search for, discovery of, and, ultimately, the utilization of these multifunctional materials has been made possible by a number of important advances in theoretical and computational techniques, materials synth
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