Full-field electroretinography under general anesthesia in retinoblastoma
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Full-field electroretinography under general anesthesia in retinoblastoma Ramya Sachidanandam • S. Krishnakumar Lingam Gopal • Joan M. O’Brien • Vikas Khetan • Parveen Sen
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Received: 22 November 2011 / Accepted: 14 December 2012 / Published online: 4 January 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Purpose To investigate the electrical responses of the retina in retinoblastoma (RB), by recording full-field electroretinography (ERG) under general anesthesia. Methods The ERG was recorded using Ephios handheld portable ERG system, according to International Standards for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision. Forty-eight eyes of 43 cases and 33 eyes of 33 controls were enrolled. The cases were classified based on international intraocular retinoblastoma classification (IIRC). Forty-eight eyes of cases were divided into 30 cases with active RB and 18 cases with regressed RB.
Results The amplitudes of a- and b-waves were decreased as compared to controls in all subgroups. The implicit times of all RB patients from group A to C differed statistically from controls (p value \ 0.05) except for single-flash rod response. The ERG waveforms in group E eyes were non-recordable. The comparison of ERG parameters between active and regressed groups (IIRC groups A and B) was statistically insignificant. Single case follow-up of unilateral RB after systemic chemotherapy showed improvement in amplitudes compared to baseline parameters.
R. Sachidanandam Department of Optometry, Medical Research Foundation, No. 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: [email protected]
V. Khetan Department of Ocular Oncology and Vitreoretina, Medical Research Foundation, No. 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: [email protected]
S. Krishnakumar Department of Ocular Pathology, Medical Research Foundation, No. 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: [email protected]
P. Sen (&) Department of Vitreoretina, Medical Research Foundation, No. 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: [email protected]
L. Gopal Department of Vitreoretina, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore e-mail: [email protected] J. M. O’Brien Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA e-mail: [email protected]
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Doc Ophthalmol (2013) 126:149–157
Conclusions Reduced amplitudes and delayed implicit times were noted in advanced disease. The ERG of RB cases did not follow any specific pattern of waveform. ERG appears to be a dynamic parameter to observe changes following treatment for RB. Although ERG is not a diagnostic test for RB, it can be used as a complementary test to assess the residual retinal function in RB eyes.
tumor ablation. Wide-field fundus photography has been used to monitor the structural change in tumor size, shape and volume following treatment. Th
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