Functional Heterogeneity of Perivascular Precursor Cells
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PERICYTES (A BIRBRAIR, SECTION EDITOR)
Functional Heterogeneity of Perivascular Precursor Cells Jiajia Xu 1 & Yiyun Wang 1 & Ching-Yun Hsu 1 & Stefano Negri 1 & Bradley Presson 1 & Bruno Péault 2,3 & Aaron W. James 1 Accepted: 14 October 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Tissue-resident mesenchymal precursor cells occupy perivascular spaces. Two main perivascular locations have been described for forerunners of cultured mesenchymal stem cells, including a subendothelial location (termed pericytes) and cells within the tunica adventitia (termed adventitial cells). Emerging data have made clear the cellular heterogeneity within the perivascular stem cell niche. Recent Findings This brief review focuses on two issues. First, the inter-tissue heterogeneity of pericytes, including the theoretical consideration of pericytes as tissue-specific stem cells. Second, the emerging intra-tissue heterogeneity of adventitial cells (a.k.a adventicytes). Summary New data suggest that these fibroblast-like cells within the fat tissue are functionally diverse. Markers that segregate for functionally relevant subsets of adventitial cells will be reviewed. Keywords Perivascular stem cell . Adipose stem cell . Mesenchymal stem cell . Mesenchymal stromal cell . Adipogenesis . Osteogenesis . PDGFRA . CD10 . CXCR4
Introduction Mesenchymal progenitor cells are broadly distributed in postnatal organs, where they are concentrated principally in perivascular areas. Microvascular pericytes were first recognized to include such progenitors since they grow into mesenchymal stem cells in culture [1]. The outermost layer enwrapping arteries and veins, or tunica adventitia, that used to be considered as a fibroblast-populated collagen sheath anchoring vessels within tissues, is also home to presumptive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [2, 3]. Our group has focused on the study of perivascular progenitor cell populations from mammalian white adipose tissue (WAT), principally
owing to the ease of harvest from this tissue depot [2, 3]. The ability of human WAT-resident perivascular cells to differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts and incite or participate in bone repair is also well known [4–11] (see [12, 13] for reviews). With several recent studies from our group in human [14, 15] and mouse WAT [16••], it is clear that perivascular cells demonstrate more phenotypic and functional diversity than previously understood. This brief review introduces two recent questions that our group has sought to answer. The first concerns the diversity of perivascular cells when FACSpurified from anatomic distinct sites (inter-tissue diversity). The second concerns the cellular heterogeneity of FACSidentified perivascular cells even when taken from the same patient and same tissue sample (intra-tissue heterogeneity).
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pericytes * Aaron W. James [email protected] 1
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Ross Research Building, Room 524A, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore,
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