Heterogeneity of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Stem Cells
Current systemic cancer treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is moving toward more personalized approaches such as de-escalation protocols human-papilloma-virus dependent HNSCC or application of checkpoint inhibitors. However, these
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Heterogeneity of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Stem Cells Xu Qian, Xiaobo Nie, Barbara Wollenberg, Holger Sudhoff, Andreas M. Kaufmann, and Andreas E. Albers
Abstract Current systemic cancer treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is moving toward more personalized approaches such as de- escalation protocols human-papilloma-virus dependent HNSCC or application of checkpoint inhibitors. However, these treatments have been challenged by cancer stem cells (CSC), a small population within the bulk tumor, which are leading to treatment failure, tumor recurrence, or metastases. This review will give an overview of the characteristics of HNSCC-CSC. Specifically, the mechanisms by which HNSCC-CSC induce tumor initiation, progression, recurrence, or metastasis will be
X. Qian Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institutes of Health, Berlin, Germany Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China X. Nie Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China B. Wollenberg University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lübeck, Germany H. Sudhoff Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany A. M. Kaufmann Clinic for Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institutes of Health, Berlin, Germany A. E. Albers (*) Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institutes of Health, Berlin, Germany e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 A. Birbrair (ed.), Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Cancer, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1139, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14366-4_2
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discussed. Although evidence-based treatment options targeting HNSCC-CSC specifically are still being sought for, they warrant a promise for additional and sustainable treatment options where for HNSCC patients where others have failed. Keywords Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) · Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) · Cancer stem cell (CSC) · Immunotherapy · Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) · Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) · Aldehyde dehydrogenase I · Immune response · Immune evasion · PD-1 · PD-L1 · Tumor microenvironment · CSC-directed therapeutic
2.1 Introduction Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Conventional treatments including surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy have shown a curative potential
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