Functional Materials
This chapter first shows the basic principles of functional materials that have energy-converting properties. It derives the basic parameters of functional materials. The idea of two now widely used classes of functional materials, electromechanical trans
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Adaptronics – Smart Structures and Materials
Adaptronics – Smart Structures and Materials
Johannes Michael Sinapius
Adaptronics – Smart Structures and Materials
123
Johannes Michael Sinapius Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany
ISBN 978-3-662-61398-6 ISBN 978-3-662-61399-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61399-3
(eBook)
The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer Vieweg imprint is published by the registered company Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Heidelberger Platz 3, 14197 Berlin, Germany
To Gabriele
Preface
Die Wahrheit hat tausend Hindernisse zu überwinden, um unbeschädigt zu Papier zu kommen, und vom Papier wieder zu Kopf. (The truth has a thousand obstacles to overcome, to get to paper undamaged, and from paper back to head.) Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742–1799)
Adaptronics is a comparatively young discipline in the engineering sciences, which is characterized by a pronounced interdisciplinarity, in the sense of the principle of integrative research even by transdisciplinarity. It deals with the research and development of components, structures, whole constructions, but also with manufacturing processes, which are characterized by the ability of self-adaptation of elasto-mechanical properties. Materials science contributes to this with research into multifunctional materials, structural mechanics with methods of modeling for the integration of these material systems, control engineering with research into suitable control concepts, microtechnology and measurement technology with sensors and actuators, desi
