Functional piezoelectric yarn: Toward optimization of zinc oxide nanowires growth
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Functional piezoelectric yarn: Toward optimization of zinc oxide nanowires growth Dina Badawy1, Saeid Soltanian2, Peyman Servati2, Addie Bahi1, Frank Ko1,a) 1
Department of Material Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 6350 Stores Rd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 5500 - 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 29 April 2020; accepted: 25 August 2020
Growing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) on yarns promotes smart sensing and creates opportunities for new applications. ZnO NWs sensing performance is influenced by its dimensions, which can be tailored by controlling the growth parameters. In this study, we investigated the effect of the growth parameters (time, temperature, and precursor concentration ratio) on the NWs’ morphology, dimensions, and piezoelectric performance. Our results showed that ZnO NWs produced with 6 and 9 h had long nanowires; however, they mainly got tangled with the nanowires on the adjacent fibers and peeled-off the fiber surface. Growth at a 1:1 precursor concentration ratio for 9 h produced the same nanowires’ length (∼3 μm) as growth at a 3:1 precursor concentration ratio for 3 h. Among all of the studied growth conditions, ZnO NWs produced with a 3:1 precursor concentration ratio at 90 °C for 3 h showed uniform dimensions and stable electrical charge output.
Introduction Developing smart textiles capable of sensing change when mechanical stresses applied has been an area of interest for many scientists. Textiles in the form of woven fabrics have been fabricated by interlacing between two yarns orthogonally positioned, which is repeated in specific patterns as a coherent structure. Under loading, these yarn interlacing points are exposed to compression forces that might be measured by sensors. Thus, adding sensing function to these yarns will capture the change in stresses at the interlacing points. Multifunctional woven fabric can be used in a wide range of real-time monitoring applications. These fabrics can be used in the health care system to diagnose certain health conditions through human body monitoring without heavy complicated tools [1, 2]. In addition, industrial structures can benefit from these real-time monitoring, which can prevent disasters by early detection of damages in automotive and aircrafts [3]. Conventionally, sensing capabilities implemented into the textile fabrics by adding sensor patches on top of the fabric in specific locations [4] or coating selected yarns with a layer of piezoelectric material or insertion of conducting yarns [1] within the fabric structure. Besides, it is believed that NWs are potential materials for adding functionality to textile fabrics.
ZnO NWs are one-dimensional nanostructures that have attracted researchers’ interest due to their wide range of applications. ZnO NWs were used in devices for energy harvesting [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], electromechanical
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