Functionalization of Polystyrene Nanocomposite with Excellent Antimicrobial Efficiency for Food Packaging Application
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Functionalization of Polystyrene Nanocomposite with Excellent Antimicrobial Efficiency for Food Packaging Application Saber Ibrahim1 • Mehrez E. El-Naggar2 • Ahmed M. Youssef1 • Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz3 Received: 21 October 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Encapsulation or coating of nanoparticles constitutes a serious challenge in nanotechnology science and application by virtue of their very small sizes, high surface energy and high surface area. The present research is solely devoted to create innovative trends without such technology barrier for synthesis and characterization of different nanomaterials. The latter are exemplified by Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) using the sol gel method. Also included in these examples are calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3-NPs) which involve extra modification using stearic acid and; a new method whereby supercritical CO2 is used as an anti-solvent (SAS) for nanoparticle encapsulation. The as prepared PS nanocomposite acquires a surface area ranging from 54 to & 168 m2/g with extension by 180%; in full agreement with the results of particle size. The as fabricated PS nanocomposites are advocated as effective candidates for use as active coating with small size and well-defined shape control along with excellent antimicrobial efficiency. In a more specific sense, this brilliant antimicrobial efficiency is reported against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, yeast (Candidia albicans) and fungi (Aspergillus niger). This means that the current nanocomposite can be categorized under active packaging materials and, indeed, should be advocated for such domains. Keywords Active packaging Zinc oxide nanoparticles Titanium dioxide nanoparticles Calcium carbonate nanoparticles Polystyrene Antimicrobial properties
Introduction During the last few decades, composite materials having a combination of two or more types of materials has attracted high attention [1, 2]. By way of examples mention is made of the following polymer nanocomposite materials have exhibited sustainable industrial and research interest over last decades as emerging materials with prospected future [3]. Polymer nanocomposites have been nominated as an interesting research area by virtue of their excellent performance. They display flexibility and thermal stability & Mehrez E. El-Naggar [email protected] 1
Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
2
Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
3
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
owing to inorganic candidate with high ductility, flexibility, and product ability of the polymer matrices [4]. Of the highest commonly investigated nanomaterials are of polymer nanocomposites [5, 6]. Preparation of nanocomposites materials was carried out through many different techn
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