Fungal Infections of the Eye
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MYCOLOGY (R CRAMER, SECTION EDITOR)
Fungal Infections of the Eye Ram Rammohan 1 & Vishwanathaiah Suneetha 2 & Sagnik Sen 3 & Gunasekaran Rameshkumar 4 & Prajna Lalitha 4
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review World-wide, ocular fungal infections (ophthalmic mycoses) are important causes of morbidity and blindness (or even life-threatening infections). There is a need to bring together a concise review covering the many recent advances and reports, as well as data from excellent studies carried out during the last decade. Recent Findings This report also provides new data from the latest understanding of the pathogenesis of both keratitis and endophthalmitis. The latest diagnostic modalities of fungal infections as well as fungal species identification have been reviewed. Information from the latest multi-centric drug trials has been reviewed. Summary This report provides a synopsis of literature published within the last couple of decades, but specifically, noteworthy reviews and important studies. Emphasis is on mycotic keratitis (a significant public health problem in many countries and accounting for the majority of microbial keratitis—the second most common cause of blindness), as well as on endophthalmitis. Recent information on other ocular mycotic infections is also collated. Keywords Ocular . Fungal . Mycotic . Infections . Keratitis . Endophthalmitis
Introduction Oculomycosis is one of the leading causes of vision impairment, and there is a constant spurt of fungal infection in recent times due to various predisposing factors like overuse of topical steroids and antibiotics, which favors the fungi to flourish. In comparison with bacterial infection, fungi pose a higher threat for diagnosis and treatment. Ability of fungi to thrive depends on geographical factors. It is crucial to know the type of fungus prevalent in particular geographical area since it can help to start early treatment for better prognosis. Studies have shown that yeast is common in This article is part of the Topical Collection on Mycology * Prajna Lalitha [email protected] 1
Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Department of Retina-Vitreous Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
4
Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
immunocompromised, whereas filamentous fungi is seen in immunocompetent individuals. Fungal infection is most common in tropical and subtropical countries and commonly seen in field workers, whereas in western countries the risk factors are more varied. Fungi can cause keratitis, endophthalmitis both of which are more common and are associated with poor prognosis. Mycotic keratitis is usually seen in immunocompetent individuals often associated with predisposing factors like trauma. Less common is fungal infections in other parts of the eye like blepharitis, conjunctivits, scleritis, a
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