Future Direction and Research Issues
In this chapter, we briefly discuss some future direction and research issues with regard to interference mitigation in the fifth-generation mobile communication systems (5G).
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Future Direction and Research Issues
In this chapter, we briefly discuss some future direction and research issues with regard to interference mitigation in the fifth-generation mobile communication systems (5G).
6.1 Hierarchical Games for Small Cell Networks With the ever-increasing demand for high-speed and high-quality wireless data applications, e.g., video streaming, online gaming, and social networks, small cell technology is emerging as a powerful and economic solution to boost the system capacity and enhance the network coverage [1, 2]. Generally, typical small cells include the operator-deployed micro-cells and pico-cells as well as the user-deployed femtocells. Specifically, femtocells are low-power and short-range access points, which are mainly applied to improve the indoor experience of cellular mobile users and managed by end users in a plug-and-play manner. Because small base stations (SBSs) are deployed in the coverage range of a macro base station (MBS), from the perspective of network operators, SBSs can drastically improve the spectrum efficiency due to spatial reuse and offloading partial traffic load from the main network. In practice, from the perspective of either an infrastructure or spectrum availability, it is more favorable to deploy two-tier small cell networks in shared spectrum rather than splitting spectrum scheme [3]. However, the co-existing issue of co-channel deployed SBSs and MBSs brings about numerous technical challenges in terms of interference management. Without proper interference control, the cross-tier and co-tier interferences severely affect the overall system performance. Accordingly, the interference mitigation is an important research area and is regarded as the major challenge in spectrum-sharing small cell networks. Various interference mitigation schemes have been proposed for heterogeneous wireless networks [4–7]. However, these approaches cannot be directly applied to practical two-tier small cell networks, as these schemes are centralized and hence © The Author(s) 2016 Y. Xu and A. Anpalagan, Game-theoretic Interference Coordination Approaches for Dynamic Spectrum Access, SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0024-9_6
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6 Future Direction and Research Issues
need coordination between SBSs and MBSs. As a result, it requires a large number of timely cross-tier and co-tier information exchange and leads to heavy overhead especially in large-cale scenarios. In addition, because of the randomness of mobile users’ activity and the small cell access points’ placement, it results in the ad-hoc topology of small cell networks, which implies that the networks’ topology is essentially affected by end users’ behavior. Therefore, centralized optimization approaches seem to be impractical, and hence it is desirable to develop distributed interference management approaches for small cell networks. Due to the hierarchical decision structure between MBSs and SBSs, it is suitable and natural to apply the Stackelberg game, also k
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