Fuzzy Competition Graphs
In 1968, Cohen [4 ] first introduced competition graph while working on a problem in ecology. Competition graph (CompG) is one kind of intersection graph and it is originally used for modeling ecological problems. Though this graph can be used to model va
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Modern Trends in Fuzzy Graph Theory
Modern Trends in Fuzzy Graph Theory
Madhumangal Pal Sovan Samanta Ganesh Ghorai •
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Modern Trends in Fuzzy Graph Theory
123
Madhumangal Pal Department of Applied Mathematics Vidyasagar University Midnapore, West Bengal, India
Sovan Samanta Department of Mathematics Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya Tamluk, West Bengal, India
Ganesh Ghorai Department of Applied Mathematics Vidyasagar University Midnapore, West Bengal, India
ISBN 978-981-15-8802-0 ISBN 978-981-15-8803-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8803-7
(eBook)
Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C72, 05C10, 05C38, 05C62, 05C76, 05C78, 05C85, 94C15, 94D05 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Preface
Graph Theory and Fuzzy Graph Theory Graph theory started its journey from the famous “Königsberg bridge problem”. This problem is often said to have been the birth of graph theory. In 1736, Euler finally solved this problem with the help of graphs. Though graph theory is a relatively old subject, its growing applications in operations research, chemistry, genetics, electrical engineering, architecture, linguistics, geography, sociology, traffic planning, etc., have kept it young. These days graph theory is being used in communication system (mobile, internet, etc.), social networks, computer design, etc. A subject of much interest, graph theory is used to model a wide range of problems. It is studied by mathematicians, computer scientists, engineers, and many others. This subject is basically studied in two directions: algeb
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