Fuzzy Graphs and Fuzzy Hypergraphs

In the course of fuzzy technological development, fuzzy graph theory was identified quite early on for its importance in making things work. Two very important and useful concepts are those of granularity and of nonlinear apĀ­ proximations. The concept of

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Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing Editor-in-chief Prof. Janusz Kacprzyk Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Newelska 6 01-447 Warsaw, Poland E-mail: [email protected] http://www.springer.de/cgi-bin/search_book.pl?series =2941

VoI. 3. A. Geyer-Schulz Fuzzy Rule-Based Expert Systems and Genetic Machine Leaming, 200 ed. 1996 ISBN 3-7908-0964-0

VoI. 14. E. Hisdal Logica/ StructUI'f!S for Repl'f!sentation of Knowledge and Uncertainty, 1998 ISBN 3-7908-\056-8

Voi. 4. T. Onisawa and J. Kacprzyk (Eds.) Reliability aOO Safety Analyses under Fuzziness, /995 ISBN 3-7908-0837-7

VoI. 15. G.J. Klir and M.J. Wiennan Uncertainty-Based Information, 200 ed., 1999 ISBN 3-7908-1242-0

VoI. 5. P. Bose and J. Kacprzyk (Eds.) Fuzziness in Database Management Systems, /995 ISBN 3-7908-0858-X VoI. 6. E. S. Lee and Q. Zhu Fuzzy and Evidence Reasoning, 1995 ISBN 3-7908-0880-6

VoI. 16. D. Driankov and R. Palm (Eds.) Advances in Fuzzy Control, 1998 ISBN 3-7908-1090-8 VoI. 17. L. Reznik, V. Dimilrov and J. Kacprzyk (Eds.) Fuzzy Systems Design, 1998 ISBN 3-7908-1118-1

VoI. 7. B.A. Juliano and W. Bandler Tracing Chains-of-Thought, /996 ISBN 3-7908-0922-5

VoI. 18. L. Polkowski and A. Skowron (Eds.) Rough Sets in Knowledge Discovery 1, 1998 ISBN 3-7908-1119-X

VoI. 8. F. Herrera and J. L. Verdegay (Eds.) Genetic Algorithms aOO Soft Computing, 1996 ISBN 3-7908-0956-X

Voi. 19. L. Polkowski and A. Skowron (Eds.) Rough Sets in Knowledge Discovery 2, 1998 ISBN 3-7908-1I20-3

VoI. 9. M. Salo el al. Fuzzy Clustering Models and Applications, 1997, ISBN 3-7908-1026-6

VoI. 20. J.N. Mordeson and P.S. Nair Fuzzy Mathematics, 1998 ISBN 3-7908-1I21-1

VoI. 10. L. C. Jain (Ed.) Soft Computing Techniques in Knowledgebased Intelligent Engineering Systems, 1997 ISBN 3-7908-1035-5

VoI. 21. L.C. Jain and T. Fukuda (Eds.) Soft Computing for Intelligent Robotic Systems, 1998 ISBN 3-7908-1I47-5

Voi. II. W. Mielczarski (Ed.) Fuzzy Logic Techniques in Power Systems, /998, ISBN 3-7908-1044-4 VoI. 12. B. Bouchon-Meunier (Ed.) Aggregation and Fusion of Imperfect /nformation, /998 ISBN 3-7908-1048-7 VoI. 13. E. Ortowska (Ed.) Incomplete Information: Rough Set Analysis, 1998 ISBN 3-7908-1049-5

VoI. 22. J. Cardoso and H. Camargo (Eds.) Fuzziness in Petri Nets, /999 ISBN 3-7908-1I58-0 VoI. 23. P. S. Szczepaniak (Ed.) Computational Intelligence and Applications, /999 ISBN 3-7908-1I61-0 VoI. 24. E. Ortowska (Ed.) Logic at Work. 1999 ISBN 3-7908-1I64-5

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John N. Mordeson Premchand S. Nair

Fuzzy Graphs and Fuzzy Hypergraphs With 29 Figures and 10 Tables

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

John N. Mordeson Director Center for Research in Fuzzy Mathematics and Computer Science Premchand S. Nair Associate Professor Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Creighton University Omaha, Nebraska 68178 USA E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

ISSN 1434-9922 ISBN 978-3-7908-2471-1 ISBN 978-3-7908-1854-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-7908-1854-3 Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Oie Oeutsche Bi