g-C 3 N 4 nanoparticle@porous g-C 3 N 4 composite photocatalytic materials with significantly enhanced photo-generated c
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g-C3N4 nanoparticle@porous g-C3N4 composite photocatalytic materials with significantly enhanced photo-generated carrier separation efficiency Qianhong Shen1,2,3,a), Chengyan Wu1, Zengyu You1, Feilong Huang1, Jiansong Sheng2,3, Fang Zhang2,3, Di Cheng2,3, Hui Yang1,2,3,b) 1
State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China 3 Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, P.R. China a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 2 April 2020; accepted: 19 June 2020
A novel g-C3N4 nanoparticle@porous g-C3N4 (CNNP@PCN) composite has been successfully fabricated by loading g-C3N4 nanoparticles on the porous g-C3N4 matrix via a simply electrostatic self-assembly method. The composition, morphological structure, optical property, and photocatalytic performance of the composite were evaluated by various measurements, including XRD, SEM, TEM, Zeta potential, DRS, PL, FTIR, and XPS. The results prove that the nanolization of g-C3N4 leads to an apparent blueshift of the absorption edge, and the energy band gap is increased from 2.84 eV of porous g-C3N4 to 3.40 eV of g-C3N4 nanoparticle (Fig. 6). Moreover, the valence band position of the g-C3N4 nanoparticle is about 0.7 eV lower than that of porous g-C3N4. Therefore, the photogenerated holes and electrons in porous g-C3N4 can transfer to the conduction band of g-C3N4 nanoparticle, thereby obtaining higher separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers as well as longer carrier lifetime. Under visible-light irradiation, 6CNNP@PCN exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance (Fig. 8) on MB, which is approximately 3.4 times as that of bulk g-C3N4.
INTRODUCTION In 1972, Fujishima and Honda firstly reported on Nature that rutile single-crystal TiO2 can be used as an efficient photocatalyst. Since then, photocatalytic materials have aroused great interest owing to its features of renewability, stability, and safety [1, 2, 3]. Developing high-performance semiconductor photocatalysts has been considered to be an effective way to solve the problem of energy shortage and dye pollution. Although photocatalysis research has made much progress in recent decades, pursuing higher degradation efficiency of photocatalysts and better availability of visible light are still challenging issues and have always been the significant research emphasis in the photocatalytic field [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. Nowadays, it is well-known that graphitic carbon nitride [11, 12, 13] (g-C3N4) has attracted great interest because of its two-dimension and tunable electronic structure as well as an appropriate band gap (2.7 eV) and excellent stability
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[14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. Nevertheless, bulk g-C3N4 synthesized through a traditional polycondensation process still exists a series of defects,
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