Galileo
The European global navigation satellite system Galileo is designed as a self-standing satellite-based positioning system for worldwide service. It is independent from other systems with respect to satellite constellation, ground segment, and operation. G
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Galileo
9. Galileo
Marco Falcone, Jörg Hahn, Thomas Burger
The enormous potential benefits of satellite navigation for the citizens brought the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Commission (EC) together in collaboration to develop and deploy a European radio navigation satellite system called Galileo. Galileo development followed an iterative approach illustrated in Fig. 9.1. It was initiated in late 2003, carried out by the European Space Agency (ESA), and co-funded by ESA and the European Union. ESA launched two GIOVE (Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element) satellites in 2005 and 2008, with a representative ground segment. These satellites secured the frequencies provisionally set aside for Galileo by the International Telecommunications Union. The satellites served also as a testbed for key technologies such as onboard atomic clocks and navigation signal generation. The GIOVE satellites are no longer active and have been moved to higher altitudes, away from the nominal Galileo orbit.
9.1
Constellation .....................................
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9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 9.2.4
Signals and Services ........................... Signal Components and Modulations.... Navigation Message and Services ......... Ranging Performance .......................... Timing Accuracy ..................................
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9.3 9.3.1 9.3.2 9.3.3
Spacecraft .......................................... Satellite Platform ................................ Satellite Payload Description ................ Launch Vehicles ..................................
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9.4
Ground Segment ................................
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9.5
Summary ...........................................
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References...................................................
271
sitioning accuracy, and in increased robustness of a positioning service derived from the combined use of multiple independent radio navigation systems. This chapter describes architecture and operations of Galileo.
The following in-orbit validation phase aimed to perform initial validation of the system using a reduced constellation of four Galileo in-orbit validation (IOV) satellites – the minimum number for independent position and timing solutions at test locations – in combination with Galileo’s terrestrial network of ground stations. This phase used the first family of Galileo satellites (GSAT010x), launched through dual launches on 21 October 2011 and 12 October 2012. These four satellites served for IOV of the Galileo system, but are also part of the operational Galileo constellation. On 12 March 2013 this ground and space infrastructure came together to perform the very first determination of a ground location through Galileo signals alone. This initial position fix of longitude, latitude and altitude took place at the Navigation Laboratory at ESA’s technical heart European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), in Noordwijk, the Netherlands. From this point onward, Galileo navigation messages have
Part B | 9
The European global navigation
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