Gang Transitions and Transformations in an International Context
This unique volume explores why and how youth join and leave gangs, as a lens for exploring intervention and prevention through comparative, international research. The book explores three key questions: how do youth gangs form and how do they change over
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g Transitions and Transformations in an International Context
Gang Transitions and Transformations in an International Context
Cheryl L. Maxson • Finn-Aage Esbensen Editors
Gang Transitions and Transformations in an International Context
Editors Cheryl L. Maxson Department of Criminology, Law and Society University of California Irvine, CA, USA
Finn-Aage Esbensen Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice University of Missouri-St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-29600-5 ISBN 978-3-319-29602-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-29602-9
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016940989 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
We dedicate this volume to all of our colleagues who have contributed to the Eurogang Program to enhance our understanding of youth gangs and of the policies and programs that might reduce the negative consequences of these troublesome youth groups for our communities and families and other gang members.
Contents
1
Participation in and Transformation of Gangs (and Gang Research) in an International Context: Reflections on the Eurogang Research Program ................................. Cheryl L. Maxson and Finn-Aage Esbensen
Part I 2
3
Gang Participation and Impacts on Individual Behavior
Street Gang Definitions Across Two US Cities: Eurogang Criteria, Group Identity Characteristics, and Peer Group Involvement in Crime ................................................. Caterina G. Roman, Meagan Cahill, and Jillian L. Eidson Gang Membership and Involvement in Violence among US Adolescents: A Test of Construct Validity.......................... Chris Melde, Finn-Aage Esbensen, and Dena Carson
4
Fear and Retaliation: Gang Violence in Brussels and Caracas .......... Ellen Vandenbogaerde and Elke Van Hellemont
5
Micro-Place C
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