Gap-Coupled H-Shaped Antenna for Wireless Applications
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Gap-Coupled H-Shaped Antenna for Wireless Applications Brijesh Mishra1,2 • Vivek Singh1 • Singh Rajeev1
Received: 1 May 2017 / Revised: 5 June 2019 / Accepted: 8 June 2019 Ó The National Academy of Sciences, India 2019
Abstract English-alphabet-shaped micro-strip antennas are reviewed in terms of antenna parameters and their applications. H-shaped patch antenna is designed with gap-coupled technique and a survey of previously designed H-shaped patch antenna are presented. The impedance bandwidths of the proposed H-shaped antenna at lower resonant frequency are 4.0% (HFSS), 4.2% (AWR) and 3.7% (experimental) and at upper resonant frequency are 7.6% (HFSS), 2.6% (AWR) and 9.4% (experimental). The frequency ratio of the antenna is 1.24, and the maximum gain of 1.97 dB and 2.52 dB for lower and higher resonant frequencies are observed. A broadside radiation pattern within the operating band and E-field beamwidth of 130° and 109° and H-field beamwidth of 111° and 106°, respectively, is observed at lower and upper resonant frequencies. Keywords Circular disk Parasitic elements Group delay Frequency ratio Beamwidth Dual band Alphabet-shaped antenna
1 Introduction Micro-strip patch antennas are extensively used in missiles, radar, aircraft, remote sensing, satellite communications, biomedical telemetry and other wireless communication
& Singh Rajeev [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics and Communication, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (UP) 211002, India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur (UP) 273010, India
systems, but the micro-strip antenna designer often encounters the problem of designing a suitable radiating patch for different applications. The design of a radiating patch or ground plane is rather intuitive and is the choice of the designer. Radiating patch as well as ground plane design, its size, slots, notches and their size and geometry determine the antenna parameters like resonant frequency, impedance bandwidth, gain, radiation pattern and efficiency; therefore, these physical parameters become important for an antenna designer. The literature is full of micro-strip antennas with different geometrical shapes and numeral- and alphabet-shaped radiating patches. At present, micro-strip antenna designs are oriented towards designing multiband antennas [1-3] with a shape which occupies a lesser patch area and volume. Such antennas are advantageous due to volume and area reduction and are good candidates to be embedded in small devices and MMICs. Modern-day global mobile communication systems (GSM) require antenna bandwidth about 7.6%, around 9.5% for digital communication systems (DCS), 12.2% for universal mobile telecommunication systems (UTMS) and 7.5% for personal communication systems (PCS) [4]. The designers are trying to meet out these bandwidth requirements in addition to improving antenna gain and radiation efficiency. However, the narrow bandwidth, low gain and poor radiation efficie
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