Gas-Aggregated Copper Nanoparticles with Long-term Plasmon Resonance Stability
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Gas-Aggregated Copper Nanoparticles with Long-term Plasmon Resonance Stability Vladimir N. Popok 1 & Sergey M. Novikov 2 & Yurij Yu. Lebedinskij 3,4 & Andrey M. Markeev 4 & Aleksandr A. Andreev 5 & Igor N. Trunkin 5 & Aleksey V. Arsenin 2 & Valentyn S. Volkov 2 Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Metal nanoparticles (NPs) possessing localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are of high interest for applications in optics, electronics, catalysis, and sensing. The practically important issue is the stability of the LSPR, which often limits the use of some metals due to their chemical reactivity leading to degradation of the NP functionality. In this work, copper NPs of two distinct sizes are produced by magnetron sputtering gas aggregation. This method ensures formation of the particles with high purity and monocrystallinity, enhancing the chemical inertness and providing a superior time stability of the plasmonic properties. Additionally, a simple UV-ozone treatment, which leads to the formation of an oxide shell around the copper NPs, is found to be an efficient method to prevent following gradual oxidation and assure the LSPR stability in ambient atmospheric conditions for periods over 100 days even for small (10–12 nm in diameter) NPs. The obtained results allow for significant improvement of the competitiveness of copper NPs with gold or silver nanostructures, which are traditionally used in plasmonics. Keywords Gas aggregation nanoparticle formation . Copper nanoparticles . Copper oxidation . Localized surface plasmon resonance
Introduction Metal nanoparticles (NPs) in a dielectric environment are well known for the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) resulting in a strong enhancement of optical extinction and local electric field [1, 2]. This phenomenon is of great interest for applications in many areas, such as nonlinear optics, electronics, photovoltaics, catalysis, and sensing [3–8]. Although many metals on the nanoscale show
* Vladimir N. Popok [email protected] 1
Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
2
Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia 141700
3
Center of Shared Facilities in Nanotechnology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia 141700
4
Institute of Laser and Plasma Technologies, National Research Nuclear University, Moscow, Russia 115409
5
National Research Center, «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia 123182
considerable plasmonic efficiency, only a few provide LSPR in the visible range of the spectrum. Among those, gold NPs are the most used ones due to their strong plasmonic resonance, high chemical stability, low toxicity, and good abilities of surface functionalization [9]. Silver nanostructures are also widely used but generally considered less attractive due to their requirements for blue-near UV light for plasmon excitation and lower chemi
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