GAs: Selected Topics
GA theory provides some explanation why, for a given problem formulation, we may obtain convergence to the sought optimal point. Unfortunately, practical applications do not always follow the theory, with the main reasons being: the coding of the problem
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Genetic Algorithms + l)ata Structures =Evolution Programs Second, Extended Edition With 66 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Zbigniew Michalewicz Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina Charlotte, NC 28223, USA [email protected]
The first edition appeared 1992 in the Springer series Artificial Intelligence
ISBN 978-3-662-07420-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-07418-3
ISBN 978-3-662-07418-3 (eBook)
CIP data applied for This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1994 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Struve & Partner, Heidelberg Cover photographs: Bilderagentur Tony Stone Bilderwelten Typesetting: Camera ready by author SPIN: 10471562 45/3140 - 5 4 3 2 10- Printed on acid-free paper
To the next generation: Matthew, Katherine, Michael, Thomas, and Irene.
Preface to the Second Edition
As natural selection works solely by and for the good of each being, all corporeal and mental endowments will tend to progress toward perfection. Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
The field of evolutionary computation has reached a stage of some maturity. There are several, well established international conferences that attract hundreds of participants (International Conferences on Genetic Algorithms~ICGA [126, 130,259,23,95]' Parallel Problem Solving from Nature~PPSN [265, 187], Annual Conferences on Evolutionary Programming~EP [90,91,92]); new annual conferences are getting started (IEEE International Conferences on Evolutionary Computation [235, 236]). Also, there are tens of workshops, special sessions, and local conferences every year, all around the world. A new journal, Evolutionary Computation (MIT Press) [67], is devoted entirely to evolutionary computation techniques; many other journals organized special issues on evolutionary computation (e.g., [86, 198]). Many excellent tutorial papers [20,21, 240, 304, 87] and technical reports provide more-or-Iess complete bibliographies of the field [120,252,224]. There is also The Hitch-Hiker's Guide to Evolutionary Computation prepared by Jorg Heitkotter [135] from University of Dortmund, available on
