Gel-polymer electrolytes plasticized with pyrrolidinium-based ionanofluid for lithium battery applications
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Gel-polymer electrolytes plasticized with pyrrolidinium-based ionanofluid for lithium battery applications Debalina Deb 1 & Pallab Bose 1 & Subhratanu Bhattacharya 1 Received: 15 June 2020 / Revised: 4 October 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present study, hexafluoropropylene copolymer (P(VDF-HFP))-based “active” polymer membranes are prepared by entrapping different extent of pyrrolidinium ionic liquid-based nanofluid (ionanofluid). X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy are implemented to characterize the membranes. The study reveals that ionanofluid improves the electroactive phase nucleation of P(VDF-HFP) and suppresses the membranes’ crystallinity. SEM micrographs and butanol absorption study indicate that ionanofluid improves the electrolyte uptake ability and facilitates forming unified ion-conducting channels within the membranes. The 50 wt% ionanofluid (INF) incorporated gel-polymer electrolyte (GPE) exhibits the highest room-temperature ionic conductivity (2.33 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C), a high lithium-ion transference number (t Liþ ∼0:6 ), superior electrochemical stability window up to ~ 5.3 V (vs. Li/Li+) and excellent interfacial compatibility with the lithium electrode. The LiFePO4/Li battery comprising INF-based GPE demonstrates good C-rate performance and excellent cycling stability with a discharge capacity of ~ 156 mAh g−1 and ~ 116 mAh g−1 at C/5 and 2 C rates, respectively, and capacity retention of > 95% after 50 cycles at C/5 rate. Keywords Pyrrolidinium-based ionanofluid . P(VDF-HFP) . Gel-polymer electrolytes . Lithium batteries
Introduction Lithium-based rechargeable batteries have been widely applied in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and power grids, owing to their high-energy density, storage capacity at high rates, and durability [1–3]. The electrolytes’ performance in these lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial as it provides electrochemical stability to the electrodes and limits capacity fading. However, conventional LiPF6-based flammable carbonate liquid electrolytes suffer from severe oxidative decomposition, Li dendrites formation during Li deposition/dissolution processes, and solvent leakage, volatility, and other safety hazards that restrain the development of LIBs [2, 4]. In comparison, gel-polymer electrolytes (GPEs) formed by entrapping the liquid electrolytes in porous polymer Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-020-03807-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Subhratanu Bhattacharya [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
membranes exhibit enhanced safety and improved compatibility with lithium metal anode and cathodes with several advantageous properties viz. good thermal stability, low flammability, and better
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