RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fabrication of flexible lithium-ion battery electrodes for wearable full battery with high electroche
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Fabrication of flexible lithium‑ion battery electrodes for wearable full battery with high electrochemical performance Shu‑Juan Gao1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A new method is provided for preparing self-supporting flexible lithium-ion battery electrodes of a textile structure by using extrusion 3D printing technology, using a high concentration of polyvinylidene fluoride as a viscosity modifier, carbon nanotube as a conductive agent, lithium iron phosphate or lithium titanate as an electrode active material. A printable ink prepared in the paper, with an apparent viscosity of approximately 105 Pa s, exhibits significant shear thinning behavior, and the storage modulus platform value reaches a high value of 105 Pa; its excellent rheological properties are beneficial for the printing and solidification process. Electrochemical test results show that the two printing electrodes have a stable and well-matched charge–discharge specific capacity, so the assembled soft-packed lithium-ion battery displays a discharge specific capacity of up to 108 mAh·g−1, and after bending the battery, the discharge specific capacity under the same current density (50 mA·g−1) is about 111 mAh·g−1. The outstanding electrochemical properties open up possibilities for flexible and wearable electronics applications.
1 Introduction In recent years, flexible wearable devices have received widespread concern from academia and industry for their various applications, such as smart clothing, biomonitor, electronic paper, skin electronics, flexible display and so on [1–4]. However, the rapid development of wearable electronic products has increasing demands for its energy supply supporting system; due to the requirements of arbitrary deformation and flexible wearing, the power supply needs to be well adapted to exhibit characteristics of light weight, small size, arbitrarily deformable, simple and quick manufacturing process, and low cost [5–7]. Lithium-ion batteries not only have a high energy density, but also have remarkable cycle performance, and the material and manufacturing process are relatively cost-efficient and environmentally friendly, etc., so it is the most widely applied and promising electrochemical energy storage systems in many fields, especially in portable electronic products. Lithium-ion batteries
* Shu‑Juan Gao [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lvliang University, Lvliang 033000, People’s Republic of China
are therefore the best alternative energy storage system for flexible wearable electronic devices [8]. A conventional lithium-ion battery is formed by stacking or twisting positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator; then they are encapsulated with a metal shell of fixed shape and size and finally an electrolyte is injected [9]; therefore, there are obstacles for the conventional lithium-ion battery in the application of flexible wearable electronic devices. As a result, the development of flexible lit
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