Gelatin-based solid electrolytes for chromogenic windows applications: a review
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REVIEW
Gelatin-based solid electrolytes for chromogenic windows applications: a review Mohammad Hossein Azarian 1 & Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan 1 Received: 25 May 2020 / Revised: 18 August 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper reviews the use of gelatin as a solid biopolymer electrolyte with respect to its properties specifically for chromogenic device application. Recently, chromogenic devices have received significant attention due to their contribution for energy efficiency in buildings, automobiles, and aircrafts upon changing their redox state with switching ability. Especially, ecofriendly and cost-effective biopolymers, namely, gelatin, has received considerable interest as a solid electrolyte in the fabrication of chromogenic devices due to its high transparency, tackiness, and plasticity. The current comprehensive up to date review, glance the recent progress in solid-state gelatin-based electrolyte with a remarkable potential for photo/electrochromic smart windows. Keywords Chromogenic materials . Polymer electrolyte . Ionic conductivities . Gelatin . Materials preparation
Abbreviations AFM BMII BmImPF6 CE CV DSSC EAA C2mim[SCN] EC ECDs Er(CF3SO3)3 FTO GPEs Tg ILs ITO LEs
Atomic force microscope 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide 1-Butyl-3-methy limidazolium hexafluorophosphate Coloration efficiency Cyclic voltammetry Dye-sensitized solar cells Ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate Electrochromic Electrochromic devices Erbium triflate Fluorine doped tin oxide Gel polymer electrolytes Glass-transition temperatures Ionic liquids Indium doped tin oxide Liquid electrolytes
* Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan [email protected] 1
Division of Materials Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
LiCF3SO3 LiBF4 LiClO4 Mg(CF3SO3)2 PCL PC SPEs
Lithium triflate salt Lithium tetrafluoroborate Lithium perchlorate Magnesium triflate Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) Propylene carbonate Solid polymer electrolytes
Introduction Recently, solid chromogenic devices, namely, electrochromic (EC) and photochromic glasses, are widely studied to control the intensity and selectivity of visible light and solar energy transmitted through the windows in buildings, automobiles, and aircrafts [1, 2]. The electrochromic devices (ECDs) consist of several parts, i.e., electrochromic layer, solid electrolytes, and transparent conductive electrodes. The solid electrolytes are mainly fabricated by inorganic materials or polymeric materials. Out of which the solid electrolytes based on polymeric materials are in the particular interest of this review paper due to their cost effectiveness, availability, and ease of preparation. The solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) play a crucial role in chromogenic device stability and can derive from either synthetic polymers or natural polymers (bio-based polymers). SPEs can be defined as solid ionic conductors for
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