Gender and Power Towards Equality and Democratic Governance

Despite explicit commitments to gender equality, women experience complex modes of disadvantage and discrimination in all nations of the world. Offering sophisticated insights into the persistence of gendered differences in opportunities, roles, power, an

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Gender and Power Towards Equality and Democratic Governance Edited by

Mino Vianello Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy

and

Mary Hawkesworth Rutgers University, USA

Selection, introduction, conclusion and editorial matter © Mino Vianello and Mary Hawkesworth 2016 Individual chapters © Respective authors 2016 Foreword © Raewyn Connell 2016 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-137-51415-8 ISBN 978-1-137-51416-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137514165 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

To Cynthia Fuchs Epstein Pioneer in Gender and Power Studies

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Contents List of Figures and Tables

x

Foreword: Gender, Power, and the Worldwide Struggle for Equality Raewyn Connell

xii

Preface and Acknowledgments

xx

Notes on Contributors

xxi

Introduction Fatima Sadiqi

1

Part I Democratic Deficits: Sites, Contexts, and Tactics of Redress Section Introduction Michal Palgi 1 Women’s Political Representation in Brazil José Álvaro Moisés and Beatriz Rodrigues Sanchez 2 Women and Political Participation in Morocco and North African States Moha Ennaji 3 Gender, Policy and Leadership: A Comparative Perspective Joyce Gelb

11

35 53

4 Probing the Parameters of Gender, Power, and Democracy in Nigeria L. Amede Obiora

64

5 Building Women’s and Men’s Political Representation in Post-Communist European Countries Renata Siemienska ´

82

6 Women’s