Gene expression pattern differences in primary human pulmonary epithelial cells infected with MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Gene expression pattern differences in primary human pulmonary epithelial cells infected with MERS‑CoV or SARS‑CoV‑2 Yunyueng Jang1,2 · Sang Heui Seo1,2 Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infect the human respiratory tract and can cause severe pneumonia. Disease severity and outcomes are different for these two infections: the human mortality rate for MERS-CoV and SARSCoV-2 is over 30% and less than 10%, respectively. Here, using microarray assay, we analyzed the global alterations in gene expression induced by MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 infections in primary human pulmonary epithelial cells. Overall, the number of differentially expressed genes was higher in human lung cells infected with MERS-CoV than in cells with SARS-CoV-2. Out of 44,556 genes analyzed, 127 and 50 were differentially expressed in cells infected with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively (> 2-fold increase, compared to uninfected cells). Of these, only eight genes, including the one coding for CXCL8, were similarly modulated (upregulated or downregulated) by the two coronaviruses. Importantly, these results were virus-specific and not conditioned by differences in viral load, and viral growth curves were similar in human lung cells infected with both viruses. Our results suggest that these distinct gene expression profiles, detected early after infection by these two coronaviruses, may help us understand the differences in clinical outcomes of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Introduction Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Coronaviridae [1]. Their genomes are approximately 30 kb in length, are polycistronic, and have a peculiar transcription mechanism that results in the production of a nested set of subgenomic mRNAs [1]. Their virions are mainly composed of four structural proteins: nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), envelope (E), and spike (S) proteins, all of which are essential building blocks for virion formation [1]. The spike proteins Handling Editor: Yue Wang. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04730-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sang Heui Seo [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Influenza Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Dae‑Hak Ro, Yuseong Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Institute of Influenza Virus, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
2
are the most external structures of coronavirus particles, and they are responsible for attachment of the virus to target cells (via specific ligand-receptor interactions) and, consequently, for the initiation of infection [1]. Coronaviruses are recognized animal and human pathogens [2]. Up to the end of 2019, there were six coronaviruses known to cause respiratory disease in humans, with varying degr
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