General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management
The first volume of the Integrated Management of Plant Pests and Diseases book series presents general concepts on integrated pest and disease management, organized in three sections. Section one (modeling, management, environment) includes chapters on in
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General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management Edited by
A. Ciancio C.N.R., Bari, Italy and
K. G. Mukerji University of Delhi, India
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4020-6060-1 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-6061-8 (e-book)
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
Cover Photo: Nectarine powdery mildew showing white mycelium growth on the green fruits (by Peter Sholberg, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre/Centre de recherches agroalimentaires du Pacifique, Summerland, BC, Canada).
All Rights Reserved © 2007 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
CONTENTS Contributors Preface
xiii xv
Section 1 - Modeling, Management and Epidemiology 1 - How to Create and Deploy Infection Models for Plant Pathogens R. D. Magarey and T. B. Sutton 1. Introduction 2. Biological Requirements for Infection 3. Infection Models 4. Disease Forecast 5. Weather Inputs 5.1. Choice of Input Variables 5.2. Source of Weather Data 5.3. Canopy Microclimate 6. Model Validation 7. Information Delivery References 2 - A Review of Resurgence and Replacement Causing Pest Outbreaks in IPM J. D. Dutcher 1. Introduction 2. Primary Pest Resurgence 3. Secondary Pest Resurgence 4. Destruction of Natural Enemies 5. Hormoligosis 6. Detecting and Measuring Pest Resurgence 7. Problems and Solutions 8. Conclusions References 3 - The Role of Plant Disease Epidemiology in Developing Successful Integrated Disease Management Programs F. W. Nutter 1. Introduction 1.1. Importance of Quantitative Informations on yo, r, and t 1.2. The Relationship between Initial Inoculum (yo) and the Rate of Disease Development (r) 1.3. Reducing yo, r, and/or t for Effective Integrated Disease Management 1.4. Selecting the Best Model to Estimate yo, r, and t 1.4.1. The Monomolecular Model 1.4.2. The Exponential Model v
3 3 6 8 12 15 15 16 17 18 21 22 27 27 28 29 30 31 32 34 38 39 45 45 45 46 48 49 50 51
vi
CONTENTS 1.4.3. The Logistic Model 1.4.4. The Gompertz Model 2. Sanitation 2.1. Disease Management Principle I: Exclusion (yo) 2.1.1. Quarantine (yo) 2.1.2. Seed/Plant Certification Programs (yo) 2.2. Disease Management Principle II: Avoidance (t) 2.2.1. Avoidance of Disease Risk in Space (t) 2.2.2. Avoidance of Disease Risk in Time (t) 2.3. Disease Management Principle III: Eradication (yo) 2.3.1. Eradication through Crop Rotation 2.3.2. Removal of Alternate and Alternative Hosts 2.3.3. Roguing of Diseased Plants (yo and r) 2.3.4. Removal and Burial of Crop Residues (Debris), (yo) 2.3.5. Pathogen Eradication Programs (yo) 2.3.6. Flooding (yo) 2.3.7. Soil Solariz
