Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops
This book represents a new, completely updated, version of a book edited by two of the current editors, published with Springer in 1999. It covers pest and disease management of greenhouse crops, providing readers the basic strategies and tactics of integ
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Maria Lodovica Gullino Ramon Albajes Philippe C. Nicot Editors
Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops Second Edition
Plant Pathology in the 21st Century Volume 9
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8169
Maria Lodovica Gullino • Ramon Albajes Philippe C. Nicot Editors
Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops Second Edition
Editors Maria Lodovica Gullino Centro di Competenza per l'innovazione in campo agro-ambientale AGROINNOVA Università degli Studi di Torino Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
Ramon Albajes University of Lleida, Agrotecnio Center Lleida, Spain
Philippe C. Nicot Plant Pathology Unit INRAE, Montfavet, France
Plant Pathology in the 21st Century ISBN 978-3-030-22303-8 ISBN 978-3-030-22304-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22304-5 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 1999, 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Introduction
Crops are grown in greenhouses to extend their growing season and protect them from adverse environmental conditions, diseases and pests. Greenhouse structures vary significantly in the different geographic areas and depending on the crops grown, consisting essentially of a light scaffolding covered by sheet glass, fibreglass, or plastic. Crops may be grown in ground beds, usually amended with different types of substrates; on benches; in pots containing soil, soil mixtures or soil substitutes; and in hydroponic systems, such as sand or rockwool cultures and flowing nutrient systems, without a matrix for the roots. Generally, value-added crops are grown under protected conditions, most of which are labour-intensive with high energy demands in cold weather. Qu
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