Generalized Net Model of the Scapulohumeral Rhythm
The dynamics of the upper extremity can be modeled as the motion of an open kinematic chain of rigid links, attached relatively loosely to the trunk. The upper extremity or upper limb is a complex mechanism which includes many bones, joints, and soft tiss
- PDF / 675,163 Bytes
- 19 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 78 Downloads / 196 Views
Abstract The dynamics of the upper extremity can be modeled as the motion of an open kinematic chain of rigid links, attached relatively loosely to the trunk. The upper extremity or upper limb is a complex mechanism which includes many bones, joints, and soft tissues allowing various movements in space. The shoulder is one of the most complex musculoskeletal units not only in the upper limb but also in the entire human body. Codman [7] understood the complex and dependent relationships of the structures of the shoulder when he coined the term “scapulohumeral rhythm” to describe the coordinated motion. The purpose of the paper is to present a simple mathematical model of the scapulohumeral rhythm using the apparatus of the Generalized Nets Theory [1, 2]. The presented model is a part of a series of generalized net models of the upper limb developed by the authors (see [22, 23]). Keywords Generalized net limb
⋅
Modeling
⋅
Scapulohumeral rhythm
⋅
Upper
Abbreviations GN CVS ENS LMS CNS PNS MSS
Generalized nets CardioVascular System ENdocrine System LyMphoid System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Muscle–Skeletal System
S. Ribagin (✉) ⋅ V. Chakarov ⋅ K. Atanassov Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail: [email protected] V. Chakarov e-mail: [email protected] K. Atanassov e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 V. Sgurev et al. (eds.), Recent Contributions in Intelligent Systems, Studies in Computational Intelligence 657, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41438-6_13
229
230
S F R T
S. Ribagin et al.
Sagittal plane Frontal plane Rotation Transversal plane
1 Introduction GN [1, 2] are extensions of Petri nets and their modifications. During the last 30 years, they have a lot of applications in medicine and biology. In [3] GN models of human body and of the separate systems in the human body are described. One of the modeled by GN systems is the muscle–skeletal (see [4]). In the papers [22, 23], the authors discuss GN models of the upper limb together with the circulatory system involved and also a simple example of involuntary movement of the upper extremity. For building a detailed GN model of the human upper limb the authors suggest a theoretical model which includes the basic biomechanical relations among the upper limb structures observed in a simple voluntary movement of the shoulder. The proposed GN model describes the movement from 0° to 180° abduction of the shoulder in the frontal plane.
2 Short Anatomical Description of the Upper Limb The upper limb or upper extremity is a complex mechanism which includes many bones, joints, and soft tissues allowing various movements in space. The musculoskeletal anatomy of the upper limb is particularly well suited to illustrate and illuminate the anatomical basis of function. In general the upper limb can be divided into shoulder girdle, arm, wrist, and hand. The scapula, clavicle, sternum, and the proximal part of the
Data Loading...
