Circadian Rhythm and Pain: Mathematical Model based on Multiagent Simulation
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TRANSACTIONAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS
Circadian Rhythm and Pain: Mathematical Model based on Multiagent Simulation ´ Angelica T. dos Santos1
· Catia M. S. Machado1 · Diana F. Adamatti1
Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The circadian rhythm is responsible for the daily variations in metabolism, and circadian rhythm disorders have direct implications for many diseases, such as obesity and mental disorders. The regulation of sleep time is the most common example of the importance of the circadian rhythm for the functioning of the human body. In this sense, this work aims to study a mathematical and computational model based on multiagent simulation that simulates the synchronization and desynchronization of the circadian rhythm in relation to the pain variables. The results from the multiagent simulation of circadian rhythms show that in relation to pain, sleep, especially its biological rhythms, is directly affected by pain. In this way, our mathematical model was able to show that pain causes changes in the circadian rhythm and it can contribute to the medical field analysis. Keywords Circadian rhythm · Pain · Multiagent simulation · Mathematical model
Introduction The biological circadian rhythms are cyclical changes that are correlated over a period of time and related to changes in the physiological processes of the body. Sleeping is a mechanism used to repair the cells that regulate physical, intellectual and psychic processes. Sleep regulation is performed by the circadian and homeostatic rhythms [5], which sleeping is characterized by the significant reduction of motor activity and perception of sensory stimuli. Mathematical models are useful for representing real situations, performing predictions, and assisting in decision support. In this way, the main variables that model the circadian rhythms can be seen as a sinusoidal curve over a 24 hour period [12].
This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Healthcare Intelligent Multi-Agent Systems (HIMAS2020) Guest Editors: Neil Vaughan, Sara Montagna, Stefano Mariani, Eloisa Vargiu and Michael I. Schumacher
According to [17], agents are characters that act directly or indirectly with the program via the user and are able to act alone or in groups, thus forming a multiagent system. A simulation is a technique that involves constructing a model of a real situation for experimentation. In [7], a mathematical model describes the circadian rhythm curves. Later, [5] improved this model, and it was the basis for [16] multiagent version. Therefore, the contribution of this paper is to implement the pain variable in to the model developed by [16] following the same mathematical model of [5]. We cannot find a similar work in the literature that incorporates the pain variable into circadian rhythms using the multiagent approach. In order to evaluate the data used in the simulation, it is necessary to have a mathematical model, a biological system, a circadian rhythm model base
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