Genetic and phenotypic displacement of an endemic Barbus complex by invasive European barbel Barbus barbus in central It
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Genetic and phenotypic displacement of an endemic Barbus complex by invasive European barbel Barbus barbus in central Italy Serena Zaccara . Silvia Quadroni . Vanessa De Santis . Isabella Vanetti . Antonella Carosi . Giuseppe Crosa . J. Robert Britton . Massimo Lorenzoni
Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Invasions of alien fishes can result in considerable consequences for native biodiversity, including local extinctions of native species through genetic introgression. In Italy, the alien European barbel Barbus barbus was first detected in 1994. It has since undergone range expansion, raising conservation concerns on their impacts on endemic Barbus species, including Barbus plebejus and Barbus tyberinus. Here, the genetic and phenotypic consequences of B. barbus invasion in the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic basins of central Italy were assessed by comparing ‘invaded’ with ‘uninvaded’ river sections that remain free of B. barbus due to barriers preventing their upstream dispersal. In both basins, uninvaded sites were confirmed as B. barbus free, but Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530020-02379-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. Zaccara (&) · S. Quadroni · V. De Santis · I. Vanetti · G. Crosa Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, VA, Italy e-mail: [email protected] A. Carosi · M. Lorenzoni Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, PG, Italy J. R. Britton Institute of Aquatic Sciences at Bournemouth University, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK
the endemic populations had low genetic variability. In the invaded sections, haplotype and nucleotide diversity was relatively high, with introgression skewed towards B. barbus genes, with the barbel populations comprising of only 4% and 23% of pure B. tyberinus and B. plebejus respectively. Relatively high morphological differentiation was apparent between pure B. tyberinus and hybrid forms, whilst differences were less apparent between pure B. plebejus and their hybrid forms. Thus, the endemic Barbus species only persist in areas that remain free of invasive B. barbus, with this only due to river structures that impede their upstream movements. As these structures also limit the effective population size of the endemic species, conservation plans must reconcile B. barbus dispersal prevention with the need to increase the population connectivity of the endemics. Keywords Barbus complex · Native species · Phenotypic response · Interspecific hybridization · Central Italy
Introduction The invasion of freshwater ecosystems by alien fishes can result in considerable consequences for native biodiversity, including local extinctions of endemic and native species (Gozlan et al. 2010; Jackson et al. 2017; Mollot et al. 2017). These consequences can
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