Genetic basis of ion exclusion in salinity stressed wheat: implications in improving crop yield
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Genetic basis of ion exclusion in salinity stressed wheat: implications in improving crop yield Muhammad Naeem1 · Muhammad Iqbal1 · Amir Shakeel2 · Sami Ul‑Allah3 · Manzoor Hussain1 · Abdur Rehman1 · Zafar Ullah Zafar4 · Habib‑ur‑Rehman Athar4 · Muhammad Ashraf5 Received: 16 February 2020 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Productivity of food crops like wheat, a staple food of major portion of the world, is hampered due to salinity stress, thereby threatening food security. With the advancements in plant physiology and molecular biology based techniques, a number of structural and regulatory genes (transcription factors, miRNA, siRNA etc.) have been identified that contribute to inducing salinity tolerance responses. Location of these salt tolerant genes or genetic loci on specific chromosomes has also been partially characterized through QTL mapping. This information helps in efficient transfer of these genes into other crop cultivars through molecular breeding tools. Although plant salt tolerance mechanisms include osmotic adjustment, ion exclusion, ion inclusion, efficient antioxidant system, hormonal signaling etc., ion exclusion has long been recognized as central to salinity tolerance in wheat. Ion exclusion involves highly coordinated activity of a variety of channels, pumps and antiporters at parenchyma cells in root, stem and leaves associated with xylem. A number of molecular markers have been identified which are associated with ion exclusion or N a+ exclusion. However, some of them are associated with undesirable traits thereby producing lower crop productivity, e.g. Kna1. Thus, it is imperative to assess novel sources of ion exclusion with subsequent characterization before their introgression into other crop cultivars. In this review, recent advancements in identifying novel sources of ion exclusion in wheat have been discussed at length. In addition, up to what extent marker assisted breeding using these ion exclusion sources will help improve crop salt tolerance in wheat, thereby reducing global food security threat. An effective new paradigm is the targeted identification of specific genetic determinants of stress adaptation that have evolved in nature and their precise introgression into elite varieties. Keywords Salinity tolerance · Ion homeostasis · Na+ exclusion · Molecular markers · QTLs · Stress breeding
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00659-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Muhammad Naeem [email protected] * Habib‑ur‑Rehman Athar [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
2
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3
College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bhadar Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
4
Institute of Pure and App
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