Genetic diversity, GWAS and prediction for drought and terminal heat stress tolerance in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Genetic diversity, GWAS and prediction for drought and terminal heat stress tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Salah Fatouh Abou-Elwafa
. Tariq Shehzad
Received: 26 December 2019 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Drought adversely affects crop growth, development and yield. This study assessed genetic variation in a panel of wheat lines to water deficit and identified the QTLs governing this relationship via GWAS. A panel of 290 lines of the Wheat Association Mapping Initiative (WAMI) population were evaluated under well-irrigated and drought-stressed conditions. Stress tolerance indices were calculated to assess the response of wheat genotypes to water deficit. GWAS was performed using 15,737 SNP markers and six phenotypic traits. Evaluated traits were significantly affected across environments indicating variations in response to drought and ambient conditions. Heritability degrees were moderate to high and ranged from 0.39 to 0.93%. GWAS identified 205 significant marker-trait associations for the six studied phenotypic traits under well-irrigated and drought stress conditions. A positive correlation was found between drought stress index (STI) and plant grain Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-01018-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. F. Abou-Elwafa (&) Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt e-mail: [email protected] T. Shehzad Syngenta, 3054 E Cornwallis Rd, Durham, NC 27709, USA
yield (PGY) under both well-irrigated and stressed conditions. A linear relationship between STI and PGY under stressed conditions (PGYs) was observed. STI is the best index for prediction of high yielding genotypes. The WAMI population is a valuable source for improving drought tolerance in wheat. The study revealed significant marker–trait associations with a high degree of genetic diversity underlying different mechanisms for adaptation to drought-prone environments. Keywords Wheat Triticum Drought stress Heat stress GWAS Association analysis
Introduction Wheat, one of the earliest domesticated cereals, is ranked as the second most important cereal crops in the world. Wheat is a major source of food and feed worldwide. With a growing world population and increasing demand on wheat consumption, wheat production should be increased to ensure world food security (Maulana et al. 2018; Garcia et al. 2019). Wheat is adapted to various climatic regions including those subjected to both drought and heat stresses (Monneveux et al. 2012). To ensure a high degree of genetic diversity, which is essential for selection processes in breeding programs, a core and
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Genet Resour Crop Evol
representative collection of wheat germplasm is required (Matus and Hayes 2002; Mathew et al. 2019). Drought tolerance is the ability of a plant to grow, develop and produce a
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