Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in Grande Comore Island
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alaria Journal Open Access
RESEARCH
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in Grande Comore Island Nasserdine Papa Mze1,2,3,4,5* , Hervé Bogreau3,4,6,7, Cyrille K. Diedhiou1,2, Vendela Herdell8, Silai Rahamatou5, Amy K. Bei1,9, Sarah K. Volkman10, Leonardo Basco3,4, Souleymane Mboup1,2 and Ambroise D. Ahouidi1,2*
Abstract Background: Despite several control interventions resulting in a considerable decrease in malaria prevalence in the Union of the Comoros, the disease remains a public health problem with high transmission in Grande Comore com‑ pared to neighbouring islands. In this country, only a few studies investigating the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum have been performed so far. For this reason, this study aims to examine the genetic diversity of P. falciparum by studying samples collected in Grande Comore in 2012 and 2013, using merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1), merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic markers. Methods: A total of 162 positive rapid diagnostic test (RDT) samples from Grande Comore were used to extract para‑ site DNA. Allelic families K1, Mad20 and RO33 of the msp1 gene as well as allelic families IC3D7 and FC37 of the msp2 gene were determined by using nested PCR. Additionally, 50 out of 151 samples were genotyped to study 24 SNPs by using high resolution melting (HRM). Results: Two allelic families were predominant, the K1 family of msp1 gene (55%) and the FC27 family of msp2 gene (47.4%). Among 50 samples genotyped for 24 SNPs, 42 (84%) yielded interpretable results. Out of these isolates, 36 (85%) were genetically unique and 6 (15%) grouped into two clusters. The genetic diversity of P. falciparum calculated from msp1 and msp2 genes and SNPs was 0.82 and 0.61, respectively. Conclusion: In summary, a large genetic diversity of P. falciparum was observed in Grande Comore. This may favour persistence of malaria and might be one of the reasons for the high malaria transmission compared to neighbouring islands. Further surveillance of P. falciparum isolates, mainly through environmental management and vector control, is warranted until complete elimination is attained. Keywords: Malaria, SNPs, msp1, msp2, Comoros Background Despite several interventions to prevent, control, and eliminate malaria, 219 million cases and 435,000 deaths occurred worldwide in 2018, mainly in children under 5 years and pregnant women in Africa [1]. Plasmodium falciparum remains the most dominant species in Africa and responsible for the most severe clinical forms; it is *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Laboratory of Bacteriology‑Virology, Hospital Aristide Le Dantec, BP 7325 Dakar, Senegal Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
associated with 95% of malaria-associated deaths [2, 3]. Many factors contribute to the severity of P. falciparum infections, such as the level of acquired immunity of the individual and genetic characteristics of the parasite [4]. The genetic diversity of P. falcip
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