Genetic enhancement of essential amino acids for nutritional enrichment of maize protein quality through marker assisted
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Genetic enhancement of essential amino acids for nutritional enrichment of maize protein quality through marker assisted selection Ravneet Kaur1 • Gurleen Kaur1 • Yogesh Vikal1 • Gurjit Kaur Gill2 • Sunita Sharma2 • Jagveer Singh1 • Gaganpreet Kaur Dhariwal1 • Ankit Gulati1 Amandeep Kaur2 • Ashok Kumar3 • Jasbir Singh Chawla2
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Received: 10 June 2020 / Revised: 5 October 2020 / Accepted: 11 October 2020 Ó Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020
Abstract Maize grain protein is deficient in two essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan, defining it as of low nutritive value. The discovery of opaque2 (o2) gene has led to the development of quality protein maize (QPM) that has enhanced levels of essential amino acids over normal maize. However, the adoption of QPM is still very limited. The present study aims at improving the quality of normal four maize inbred lines (LM11, LM12, LM13 and LM14) of single cross hybrids; Buland (LM11 9 LM12) and PMH1 (LM13 9 LM14) released in India for different agro-climatic zones by introgressing o2 allele along-with modifiers using marker assisted backcross breeding. Both foreground and background selection coupled with phenotypic selection were employed for selection of o2 specific allele and maximum recovery of the recurrent parent genome (87–90%) with minimum linkage drag across the crosses. The converted QPM lines had \ 25% opaqueness which is close to the respective recurrent parents. The QPM versions showed high level of tryptophan content ranging from 0.72 to 1.03 across the four crosses. The newly developed best QPM lines were crossed in original combinations to generate QPM hybrids. The grain yield of improved QPM hybrids was at par and there was Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00897-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Yogesh Vikal [email protected] 1
School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
2
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
3
Reginal Research Station, Gurdaspur, Ludhiana, India
significant increase in tryptophan content over the original hybrids.The integrated marker assisted, and phenotypic selection approach holds promise to tackle complex genetics of QPM. The dissemination and adoption of improved QPM versions may help to counteract proteinenergy malnutrition in developing countries. Keyword Biofortification Introgression Marker assisted selection Nutritional value Opaque2 gene Tryptophan content Zea mays
Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal crop that contributes 15% of the proteins and 20% of the calories derived from food crops of the world’s diet. It is considered as nutri-cereal due to the fact of high content of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and some of the important vitamins and minerals. In the developing countries people fulfill their pr
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