Genetic structure of deltamethrin-resistant populations of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in the Gran Chaco

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GENETICS, EVOLUTION, AND PHYLOGENY - ORIGINAL PAPER

Genetic structure of deltamethrin-resistant populations of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in the Gran Chaco Romina V. Piccinali 1,2

&

Georgina Fronza 3,4 & Gastón A. Mougabure-Cueto 5 & Ariel C. Toloza 3,6

Received: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract The genetic structure of natural populations offers insight into the complexities of their dynamics, information that can be relevant to vector control strategies. Microsatellites are useful neutral markers to investigate the genetic structure and gene flow in Triatoma infestans, one of the main vectors of Chagas disease in South America. Recently, a heterogeneous pyrethroidresistant hotspot was found in the Argentine Gran Chaco, characterized by the highest levels of deltamethrin resistance found at the present time. We applied population genetics analyses to microsatellite and village data and search for associations between the genetic variability and the heterogeneous toxicological pattern previously found. We genotyped 10 microsatellite loci in 67 T. infestans from 6 villages with no, low, and high pyrethroid resistance. The most genetically diverse populations were those susceptible or with low values of resistance. In contrast, high-resistance populations had lower herozygosity and some monomorphic loci. A negative association was found between variability and resistant ratios. Global and pairwise FSTs indicated significant differentiation between populations. The only susceptible population was discriminated in all the performed studies. Low-resistance populations were also differentiated by a discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and were composed mostly by the same two genetic clusters according to STRUCTURE Bayesian algorithm. Individuals from the high-resistance populations were overlapped in the DAPC and shared significant proportions of a genetic cluster. These observations suggest that the resistant populations might have a common origin, although more genetic markers and samples are required to test this hypothesis more rigorously. Keywords Triatoma infestans . Pyrethroid resistance . Microsatellites . Genetic structure . Gran Chaco

Introduction Chagas disease is one of the most neglected tropical diseases affecting 8–12 million people, mostly in Latin America.

However, it is now considered a global disease due to international human migrations (WHO 2015). It is a vector-borne disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insects of the Reduviidae family. Among all

Handling Editor: Una Ryan Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06789-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Romina V. Piccinali [email protected] 1

2

Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires,