Genetics, Nutrition, and Skin
Personalized nutrition is not a novel concept but the incorporation of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics offers this field exciting new angles that could yield significant contributions to individual health. Nutrigenetics explores the way an individual’s un
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Genetics, Nutrition, and Skin Robert A. Norman, Asmi H. Sanghvi, and John Barksdale
Abstract Personalized nutrition is not a novel concept but the incorporation of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics offers this field exciting new angles that could yield significant contributions to individual health. Nutrigenetics explores the way an individual’s unique genome will respond to dietary nutrients while nutrigenomics explores the way dietary nutrients influences a person’s genome. This chapter highlights the relevance to dermatology and specific dermatological conditions, concluding with a commentary on future considerations regarding nutrition, genetics, and skin. Keywords Personalized nutrition • Dermatonutrigenomics • Dermagenetics • Nutrigenetics • Nutrigenomics
Personalized Nutrition and Dermatogenetics Skin is the largest organ system of the human body. Skin type, hair color and other attributes are principally determined by genetic contributions from the parents to the fetus at conception. Additionally, prenatal nutrition and prenatal care of the expectant mother are important in all aspects of optimal intra-uterine fetal organ growth and development, including skin. Genetics is defined by the World Health Organization as “the study of heredity” and genomics is defined “as the study of genes and their functions” [1, 2].
R.A. Norman, DO, MPH, MBA (*) Professor, Department of Dermatology, Nova Southeastern Medical School, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA Dermatology Healthcare, 8002 Gunn Highway, Tampa, FL 33626, USA e-mail: [email protected] A.H. Sanghvi, BS OMS IV, Tampa, FL, USA J. Barksdale LMU-DCOM, OMS1, Nebraska, NE, USA © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 R.A. Norman (ed.), Personalized, Evolutionary, and Ecological Dermatology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41088-3_8
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Additionally, the World Health Organization states, “The main difference between genomics and genetics is that genetics scrutinizes the functioning and composition of the single gene whereas genomics addresses all genes and their inter-relationships in order to identify their combined influence on the growth and development of the organism” [1, 2]. Dermagenetics is the study of heredity pertaining specifically to skin, its derivatives (hair, nails) and appendages. As Subbiah points out, “The common mutations examined are related to the enzymes involved in the following: (a) collagen breakdown, (b) photoaging and free oxygen radical elimination, (c) degradation of environmental pollutants, and d) generation of pro-inflammatory molecules” [3, 4]. As defined by this author, (RAN), dermatonutrigenomics is the study of genes and nutrition and their interrelationships in order to identify their combined influence on the growth and development of the skin. Nutrition, as defined by the World Health Organization, “is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs. Good nutrition – an adequate, well balanced diet combined with regular physical activity – is a cornerstone of good health. Poor nutriti
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