Genetics of days to flowering, maturity and plant height in natural and derived forms of Brassica rapa L.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Genetics of days to flowering, maturity and plant height in natural and derived forms of Brassica rapa L. Snehdeep Kaur1 · Chhaya Atri1 · Javed Akhatar1 · Meenakshi Mittal1 · Rimaljeet Kaur1 · Surinder S. Banga1 Received: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Key message Genome wide association studies enabled prediction of many candidate genes for flowering, maturity and plant height under differing day-length conditions. Some genes were envisaged only from derived B. rapa. Abstract Flowering and plant height are the key life history traits. These are crucial for adaptation and productivity. Current investigations aimed to examine genotypic differences governing days to flowering, maturity and plant height under contrasting day-length conditions; and identify genomic regions governing the observed phenotypic variations. An association panel comprising 195 inbred lines, representing natural (NR) and derived (DR) forms of Brassica rapa (AA; 2n = 20), was evaluated at two sowing dates and two locations, representing different day-length regimes. Derived B. rapa is a unique pre-breeding material extracted from B. juncea (AABB; 2n = 36). Population structure analysis, using DArT genotypes established derived B. rapa as a genetic resource distinct from natural B. rapa. Genome wide association studies facilitated detection of many trait associated SNPs. Chromosomes A03, A05 and A09 harboured majority of these. Functional annotation of the associated SNPs and surrounding genome space(s) helped to predict 43 candidate genes. Many of these were predicted under specific day-length conditions. Important among these were the genes encoding floral meristem identity (SPL3, SPL15, AP3, BAM2), photoperiodic responses (COL2, AGL18, SPT, NF-YC4), gibberellic acid biosynthesis (GA1) and regulation of flowering (EBS). Some of the predicted genes were detected for DR subpanel alone. Genes controlling hormones, auxins and gibberellins appeared important for the regulation of plant height. Many of the significant SNPs were located on chromosomes harbouring previously reported QTLs and candidate genes. The identified loci may be used for marker-assisted selection after due validation.
Introduction Turnip rape [Brassica rapa (L). subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. (2n = 20; AA)] was perhaps the first Brassica ever domesticated (Prakash et al. 2012). It was also one of the widely cultivated edible and industrial oilseed crops in the world until 1970s. Thereafter, more productive forms of B. napus and B. juncea replaced B. rapa from its traditional production areas (Bañuelos et al. 2013; Banga et al. 2015). B. rapa Communicated by Lixi Jiang. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03707-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Surinder S. Banga [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, I
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