Genotoxic and epigenetic effects of diuron in the Pacific oyster: in vitro evidence of interaction between DNA damage an
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Genotoxic and epigenetic effects of diuron in the Pacific oyster: in vitro evidence of interaction between DNA damage and DNA methylation Farida Akcha 1 & Audrey Barranger 1 & Evelyne Bachère 2 Received: 15 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Recently, research has contributed to better knowledge on the occurrence of pesticides in coastal water by identifying frequently detected substances, their concentration range and their acute and chronic toxicity for organisms. Pesticide pollution is of particular concern in France due to important agricultural activities and presence of several exoreic catchment areas that vehicle pesticides up to coastal waters, impacting non-target marine species. Several ecotoxicology questions remain to be addressed concerning the long-term effects of chronic pesticide exposure and the mechanisms involved in adaptation to chemical stress. In the present study, we brought new insights on the genetic and epigenetic effects of the herbicide diuron in oyster genitors. During gametogenesis, we exposed Crassostrea gigas to environmentally realistic herbicide concentrations (0.2–0.3 μg L−1 during two 7-day periods at half-course and end of gametogenesis). Diuron exposure was shown to decrease global DNA methylation and total methyltransferase activity in whole oyster tissue; this is consistent with the previous observation of a significant decrease in DNMT1 gene expression. Diuron effect seemed to be tissue-specific; hypermethylation was detected in the digestive gland, whereas diuron exposure had no effect on gill and gonad tissue. The genotoxicity of diuron was confirmed by the detection of one adduct in gonad DNA. By using in vitro approaches and human DNMT1 (DNMT1 has not been purified yet in bivalves), the presence of DNA lesions (adduct, 8-oxodGuo) was shown to interfere with DNMT1 activity, indicating a complex interaction between DNA damage and DNA methylation. Based on our results, we propose mechanisms to explain the effect of diuron exposure on DNA methylation, a widespread epigenetic mark. Keywords Genotoxicity . 8-oxodGuo . DNA adducts . DNA damage . DNA methylation . Oyster . Pesticide . Diuron
Introduction Recently, exposure to environmental chemical pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants has been proposed to impact epigenetic marks in human and all living organisms (Baccarelli and Bollati 2009; Vandegehuchte and Janssen 2014; Jiménez-Chillarón et al. 2015). Pollutant-induced Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Farida Akcha [email protected] 1
Ifremer, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
2
Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environment, UPVD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CC 80, 34095 Montpellier, France
epigenetic effects are of great concern due to their expected involvement in adaptation to stress upon long-term chemical exposure (Vandegehuchte and Janssen 2014). By using vertebrate models in bot
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