Synthesis and Characterization of Serendipitous Dioxovanadates and Their DNA/BSA Interaction Studies and In Vitro Cytoto
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Synthesis and Characterization of Serendipitous Dioxovanadates and Their DNA/BSA Interaction Studies and In Vitro Cytotoxic activity Saraswathi Kothandan1 · Sheela Angappan1 Received: 26 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the current study, we have synthesized and characterized two, hitherto unreported, bis (N,N) donor dioxovanadium(V) complexes based on 1,10-phenanthroline (complex 1) and 2,2′-bipyridyl (complex 2) ligands with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid counter anion. The structure of the complexes are confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The binding interactions of the metal complexes with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been investigated by UV absorption titration and tryptophan emission quenching methods respectively. The complexes quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA with increasing amount of the complex concentration. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of the complexes against cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) has been ascertained by MTT assay. The complexes are found to show good DNA/ BSA binding ability. Based on the results obtained, it has been observed that the complexes bind preferably to groove as implicated by hyperchromic effect with increasing amount of the DNA. The binding constants (Kb) of the complexes 1 and 2 are 9.02 × 103 M−1 and 2.13 × 103 M−1 respectively. The quenching constants (KBSA) and quenching rate constant (Kq) of the complexes 1 & 2 are 0.1075 × 106 M−1 & 0.076 × 106 M−1 and 1.075 × 1013 M−1S−1 and 0.76 × 1013 M−1S−1, respectively. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Dioxovanadium(v) · DNA binding · BSA · Cytotoxicity · HeLa cell lines Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01815-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction Cisplatin, the well-established anticancer drug, and its derivatives suffer from various side effects and also develop drug resistance over a period of time. In order to address to these effects, the quest for other metal alternatives with negligible side effects and improved efficacy have been on the focus for bioinorganic chemists across the globe [1–3]. In this direction several metal complexes have been explored and a few have even reached different stages of clinical trials [4–6]. DNA and proteins are the primary target molecules for anticancer drugs [7]. Metal complexes interact with DNA molecule either covalently or non–covalently thereby intervene in the transcription and replication processes [8, 9]. These processes inhibit the growth of the tumor cell and act as the therapeutic agents [10–12]. Proteins are essential to build and repair the tissues and act as drug carriers. This brings about the significance of interaction of the complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) providing greater insights in to their pharmac
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