Geographic concentration of industries in Jiangsu, China: a spatial point pattern analysis using micro-geographic data
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Geographic concentration of industries in Jiangsu, China: a spatial point pattern analysis using micro‑geographic data Xiaoxiang Zhang1,2 · Jing Yao2 · Katarzyna Sila‑Nowicka2,3,4 · Chonghui Song5 Received: 13 March 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Detection of geographic concentration of economic activities at different spatial scales has long been of interest to researchers from spatial economics, regional science and economic geography. Using a unique dataset from the first industrial land use survey of its kind in China, this research is the first effort attempting to explore spatial distribution particularly geographic concentration of industries in China using firm-level data. Distance-based functions and spatial cluster analysis are employed to detect the spatial scales as well as the geographic locations of industrial concentration. The results indicate that four of the five selected industries are in general concentrated in southern Jiangsu at small spatial scales (less than 5 km), while the chemical industry demonstrates an overall spatial dispersion pattern relative to the distribution of all other industries. Most industrial clusters have a radius of less than 2.5 km containing 20–60% of enterprises and 60–86% of employees from each selected industry, with larger clusters showing relatively weaker concentration. This research demonstrates the connections and complementarity of different approaches, complementing previous studies that use distance-based functions with spatial scan statistics. JEL Classification C38 · L60 · R12
* Jing Yao [email protected] 1
Department of Geographic Information Science, College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
2
Urban Big Data Centre, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, 7 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK
3
School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
4
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
5
Department of Natural Resources of Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
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1 Introduction It has been well recognized that economic activities tend to locate in certain places (e.g. near market or raw materials) and some industries often cluster or concentrate in certain regions (e.g. technology hubs like Zhongguancun in Beijing, China and Silicon Valley in San Francisco, USA) (Fujita et al. 1999; Combes et al. 2008). The heterogeneous distribution, particularly the tendency of geographic concentration, of economic activities can be attributed to many factors, such as transport costs, labour market pooling, economies of scale, positive externalities and intellectual spillovers (Marshall 1920; Krugman 1991). In order to understand various forces shaping the spatial layout of economic activities as well as its implications to economic development and regional inequality, it is often important and necessary to describe and identify the spatial p
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