Spatial Cognition Geographic Environments
10.2 Summary of Ideas ..................................................... 256 10.2.1 Spatial Behavior As Rules For Decision Making ................................... 258 10.2.2. Cognitive Mapping ........................................................
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The GeoJournal Library Volume 39 Managing Editors: Herman van der Wusten, University of Amsterdam,
The Netherlands Olga Gritsai, Russian Academy of SCiences, Moscow, Russia
Editorial Board:
Paul Claval, France R. G. Crane, U.S.A. Yehuda Gradus, Israel Risto Laulajainen, Sweden Gerd LOttig, Germany Walther Manshard, Germany Osamu Nishikawa, Japan Peter Tyson, South Africa
Spatial Cognition Geographic Environments
Spatial Cognition Geographic Environments
by ROBERT LLOYD Department of Geography and the Center of Exceflence in Geographic Education, UnfvsrsftyofSoutIJ Garolfnll, CalWnbia, tlS.A
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C'!.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-90-481-4783-0 ISBN 978-94-017-3044-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3044-0
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Oordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
For Lena and Rich Beth and Mark
Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ........................... xi PREF ACE ..•.....•...•..................................•..... xxiii
CHAPTER 1- GEOGRAPHY AND COGNITIVE SCIENCE 1 1.1. Introduction ............................................................... 1 1.2. Cognitive Processing .................................................... 3 1.2.1. Cognition ............................................... , .......................................... 4 1.2.2. Perception .......................................................................................... 5 1.2.3. Moist Maps ........................................................................................ 5 1.2.4. Images ............................................................................................. 10 1.2.5 Schemata .......................................................................................... 10 1.2.6 Conceptual-Propositions ...................................................................... 12 1.2.7. Dual Coding ..................................................................................... 13 1.2.8. Behavior .......................................................................................... 17 1.2.9 Cognitive Maps ................................................................................. 18 1.2.10. Neural Networks .............................................................................. 19 1.3. Conclusions ............................................................. 24
CHAPTER 2 - A CONNECTIONIST APPROACH TO SPATIAL COGNITION ....•...•.........•.........•.•.•.•.•.• 25 2.1. Introduction ............................................................. 25 2.2. Memory Hardware ................................................
