Geoheritage and Resilience of Dallol and the Northern Danakil Depression in Ethiopia
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Geoheritage and Resilience of Dallol and the Northern Danakil Depression in Ethiopia Viktor Vereb 1,2
&
Benjamin van Wyk de Vries 2 & Miruts Hagos 3 & Dávid Karátson 1
Received: 22 November 2019 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The Danakil Depression, located in the northern segment of the Afar rift, is a world-class example of active rifting and the birth of a new ocean. The unique, yet only partially interpreted geothermal system of Dallol in northern Danakil is currently receiving renewed attention by researchers and visitors despite its extreme climate since the recent improvements of infrastructure and the stabilisation of Ethio-Eritrean political relations. Previous studies focused on the general geological description, the economic exploitation of potash reserves and interpretation of the complex hydrothermal processes. Continuing monitoring of geothermal activity has not yet been carried out, and the valorisation of local geoheritage has not accompanied the increased interest of tourists. Here, we present a three-step study in order to demonstrate the unique geological environment and international geoheritage significance of Dallol and Danakil. A three-year-long remote sensing campaign has been done to provide information on improving the resilience of visitors through interpreted, monthly hazard maps, and on following up the changes of geothermal activity. Over the same time, the first geoheritage assessment of the region for 13 geosites was carried out along with a comparative analysis of three quantitative methods (to evaluate the scientific importance and the geotouristic development potential of the area). Finally, with the input of the assessment, a preliminary geoheritage management plan was created for practical consideration by stakeholders toward a geoconservation and geotourism development, as well as a resilience system of this peculiar area. Keywords Ethiopia . Dallol . Geoheritage . Resilience . Geosite inventory . Monitoring
Introduction Geologically active areas, such as volcanic domains are often powerful tourist attractions (Erfurt-Cooper 2011). When assessing such sites for geoheritage and geotourism, natural risks should be carefully considered. The 2019 tourist disaster at White Island, New Zealand emphasises that volcanoes and hydrothermal systems should only be visited with extreme caution, with a high degree of advanced planning.
* Viktor Vereb [email protected] 1
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
2
Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Observatoire du Physique du Globe de Clermont, IRD, UMR6524-CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
3
School of Earth Sciences, University of Mekelle, Mekelle, Ethiopia
In this paper, we take a holistic approach to geoheritage and geohazard resilience at Dallol, Ethiopia. In a three-step study, we start by identifying and monitoring hazards, then move on to inventorying and assessment of geosites, and finally bring both t
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