Geological characteristics and origin of the Hadamengou gold deposit in Inner Mongolia, China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Geological characteristics and origin of the Hadamengou gold deposit in Inner Mongolia, China Yu Zhang 1 & Jianchao Liu 1 & Haidong Zhang 1 & Shaopeng Zhang 2
Received: 17 July 2015 / Accepted: 12 January 2016 / Published online: 5 April 2016 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2016
Abstract The Hadamengou gold deposit is located in the western segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). It is hosted by Archean metamorphic rocks of the Wulashan Group. The main ore types include gold-bearing quartz vein type, gold-bearing quartz-potassic feldspar vein type, and gold-bearing altered rock type. Gold mineralization is closely related to K-feldspathization. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data indicate that ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic water mixed with minor meteoric water. Sulfur and lead isotope data indicate that metallogenic materials were mainly supplied by the magmatic and Archean Wulashan Group. The gold mineralization was mainly formed during the Early Indosinian tectonic movement, which drove oreforming fluids to the favorable depositional environment. The northern margin of the NCC is a prospective area for gold exploration. Gold deposits hosted by or related to alkaline intrusions have become one of the most important mineral exploration targets in northern China.
Keywords Hadamengou gold deposit . Wulashan Group . Northern margin of the North China Craton . Gold mineralization
* Yu Zhang [email protected]
Introduction The Baotou-Bayan Obo district, located at the western portion of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), is one of the most important Au metallogenic provinces in China (Nie et al. 2002). Up to now, more than 50 gold deposits and prospects have been discovered, explored, and mined. Among these gold occurrences, the Hadamengou gold deposit is one of the most important one and exhibits instructive similarities to the alkaline-type gold deposits (Nie and Wu 1998; Nie 1998; Nie et al. 2002). The Hadamengou gold deposit is situated approximately 20 km west of Baotou County, Inner Mongolia. It is hosted in a set of Precambrian high-grade metamorphic rocks (Fig. 1). It is a super large gold deposit in Inner Mongolia and one of the largest gold mines in China, with a reserve of about 100 t of gold at about 4.13 g/t Au (Nie et al. 2002, 2004; Zhang 2012). Although various aspects of the Hadamengou deposit have been described in geological literature, the genesis and mineralization process of the deposit remain controversial (Xin et al. 2013; Nie and Bjorlykke 1994; Gan et al. 1994; Hou et al. 2014; Li et al. 2008; Xie 2011). Furthermore, few researches on the metallogenic prognosis have been carried out. In this paper, we have reviewed the geology and geochemistry data on the Hadamengou deposit previously published in geological literature, proposed the major ore-controlling factors, and provided guidance for regional prospecting.
1
The School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
Regional geology
2
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