Geomagnetic Observations and Models
This volume provides comprehensive and authoritative coverage of all the main areas linked to geomagnetic field observation, from instrumentation to methodology, on ground or near-Earth. Efforts are also focused on a 21st century e-Science approach to ope
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IAGA Special Sopron Book Series Volume 5 Series Editor Bengt Hultqvist The Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden The International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy is one of the eight Associations of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). IAGA’s Mission The overall purpose of IAGA is set out in the first statute of the Association: • • • •
to promote studies of magnetism and aeronomy of the Earth and other bodies of the solar system, and of the interplanetary medium and its interaction with these bodies, where such studies have international interest; to encourage research in these subjects by individual countries, institutions or persons and to facilitate its international coordination; to provide an opportunity on an international basis for discussion and publication of the results of the researches; and to promote appropriate standardizations of observational programs, data acquisition systems, data analysis and publication.
Volumes in this series: The Earth’s Magnetic Interior Edited by E. Petrovský, D. Ivers, T. Harinarayana and E. Herrero-Bervera Aeronomy of the Earth’s Atmosphere and Ionosphere Edited by M.A. Abdu, D. Pancheva and A. Bhattacharyya The Dynamic Magnetosphere Edited by W. Liu and M. Fujimoto The Sun, the Solar Wind, and the Heliosphere Edited by M.P. Miralles and J. Sánchez Almeida Geomagnetic Observations and Models Edited by M. Mandea and M. Korte
For titles published in this series, go to http://www.springer.com/series/8636
Geomagnetic Observations and Models
Editors
Mioara Mandea Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris, France
Monika Korte GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam, Germany
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Editors Prof. Dr. Mioara Mandea Université Paris Diderot Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris rue Thomas Mann 5 75205 Paris, France [email protected]
Dr. Monika Korte GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Telegrafenberg 14473 Potsdam, Germany [email protected]
ISBN 978-90-481-9857-3 e-ISBN 978-90-481-9858-0 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-9858-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 All Rights Reserved for Chapters 7, 10 and 12 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: Models of magnetic fields produced by the core or the lithosphere, are shown at the top of the core or respectively Earth’s surface. These models are obtained from geomagnetic high accuracy data, provided by ground (magnetic observatories and repeat stations), aeromagnetic and satellite measurements. Figure produced by Martin Rother (Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum - GFZ). Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Sp
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