Geophysical and geochemical assessments of the environmental impact of Abule-Egba landfill, southwestern Nigeria
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Geophysical and geochemical assessments of the environmental impact of Abule‑Egba landfill, southwestern Nigeria Julius O. Fatoba1 · Akinola B. Eluwole1 · Oluseun A. Sanuade2 · Olaide S. Hammed3 · Wilfred N. Igboama3 · Joel O. Amosun1 Received: 6 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract There have been reports of cases of groundwater contamination in the areas around the Abule-Egba landfill site, Lagos, Nigeria. Based on this, geophysical and geochemical investigations were carried out to ascertain the cause(s) of the pollution and the extent of its impact on surrounding soils and groundwater within the area. A total of eleven vertical electrical sounding were conducted on two profiles established within the landfill area. Electrical resistivity tomography was conducted using a dipole–dipole array. The investigation results showed that the anomalously low resistivity values (> 40 Ω-m) observed from the surface to the depth of about 13 m on the generated geosections are due to leachate pollution of the aquifer units. On the borehole logs, a sand formation which ordinarily should possess a moderately resistive property was found to correspond to all the low resistivity zones characterized by leachate pollution. Geochemical results as observed from the wells within the landfill site show higher concentration of ions such as nitrate which is a diagnostic of leachate solution, as confirmed from geophysical analysis. Keywords Groundwater · Contamination · Geophysical and geochemical investigations · High concentration Abbreviations 𝓁a Apparent resistivity n A factor Π A constant I Current injected a Arrangement of electrode V Electric potential
Introduction The rural migration of people in the quest for greener pasture has caused the urban cities to experience a rise in population with an increase in the generation of wastes. The deposits of solid waste after being decomposed are generally associated * Joel O. Amosun [email protected] 1
Department of Geophysics, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye‑Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
2
Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
3
Department of Physics, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye‑Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
with the generation of leachate plume. Studies have revealed that municipal solid waste sites are a major source of pollution to groundwater in major cities (Aduojo et al. 2020; Ayolabi and Oyelayo 2003; Olayinka and Olayiwola 2001). Lagos, the economic hub of Nigeria with a population of about 12 million, produces a large volume of refuse (domestic and industrial solid wastes) and these constitute an enormous environmental health hazard as well as degradation of water quality (Cairncross and Feachen 1983; Olayinka and Yaramanci 1999). There are many landfill sites in the city of Lagos but the major ones are Olushosun, Ekate, Igando, and Abule-Egba. The Abule-Egba landfill site is situated in the northern part of the city and was opened in 1978 during
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