Geotechnical properties of the soils contaminated with oils, landfill leachate, and fertilizers
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Geotechnical properties of the soils contaminated with oils, landfill leachate, and fertilizers Safia M. Khodary 1 & Abdelazim M. Negm 2 & Ahmed Tawfik 1,3 Received: 16 June 2016 / Accepted: 26 December 2017 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract Severe modification of geotechnical properties of soils mainly occurred due to physical and/or physicochemical interactions between soil and contaminants such as oils, landfill leachate, and fertilizers. However, the degree of natural soil alteration in terms of permeability, shear strength, compaction, Atterberg limits, consolidation, and compressibility is dependent on contaminant and soil type. A sharp reduction in natural soil permeability occurred due to the migration of particle fragments of the contaminant and clogging the pores between soil particles. Nevertheless, the permeability of the contaminated soil with acidic and alkaline solutions could be increased due to the dissolution of the soil minerals. Physical and physicochemical interactions are predominant in granular and fine-grained soils, respectively. Atterberg limits of the natural soil are deteriorated due to physicochemical interaction with contaminants. Moreover, some contaminants tend to reduce the thickness of the diffuse double layer (DDL), resulting in soil shrinkage and causing a decrease in repulsive forces, thus promoting flocculation of particles. Keywords Geotechnical properties . Oil contamination . Landfill leachate . Fertilizers
Introduction The careful expectation of the geotechnical properties of soils is an essential practice in the Geotechnical Engineering, especially in the presence of contamination (Cyrus et al. 2010). Modification of the properties of soils, subjected to different forms of contamination, is a significant aspect of some environmental threats associated with the Geotechnical Engineering (Cyrus et al. 2010). Soils are mainly contaminated with micro, macro-organic, and inorganic pollutants due to
* Safia M. Khodary [email protected] Abdelazim M. Negm [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Ahmed Tawfik [email protected] 1
Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg Al-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
2
Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
3
Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
the unintentional dumping of various sources of wastes (Khan et al. 2008). The duration, type of the contaminants, and the reaction that occurs to the soil-contaminant system would affect the geotechnical properties of the soil (Cyrus et al. 2010). Studying the geotechnical properties of the contaminated soils helps to overcome structural damages (Sinha et al. 2003). Landfill leachate, fertilizers, and oil contaminations are represented the most critical and serious pollutants affected on the soil properties. The destruction of oil storage tanks is the major source of soil contamination (Reddy et al. 20
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