German version of the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ): translation and validation
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METHODOLOGY
Open Access
German version of the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ): translation and validation Steffi Kreuzfeld1*, Reingard Seibt2, Mohit Kumar3, Annika Rieger3 and Regina Stoll1
Abstract Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a public health problem with significant effects on work ability. In the context of the promotion and prevention of work-related health, there is a need for valid, simple, time-saving and universally applicable methods for the assessment of musculoskeletal pain and complaints. The aim of this study was the translation of the English Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) into German and the validation of the German version. Methods: The linguistic and cultural adaption of the CMDQ into German (D-CMDQ) followed international guidelines. The adapted pre-version was initially tested in terms of comprehensibility on 44 persons with different educational and occupational backgrounds. The questionnaire was validated further on 68 employees with the reference of an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (Cohen’s Kappa and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients). Finally, reliability (Cohen’s Kappa) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) were verified. Results: The D-CMDQ meets the requirements for comprehensibility and demonstrated good validity: The values of Cohen’s Kappa and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient obtained substantial to excellent agreement, with one exception. The Kappa values for the test-retest reliability were mainly in the moderate to substantial range whilst taking the prevalence effect into account. The internal consistency was proven satisfactory. Conclusions: The D-CMDQ meets the psychometric requirements for questionnaires. A clear one-sided presentation of body areas enables the time-saving assessment of musculoskeletal complaints and their effects on work ability. As a result, a broad application in the German-speaking world for different occupational groups seems possible, whether performing physical, manually repetitive or sedentary work. Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, Pain assessment, Questionnaires, Validation study, Work-related health promotion, Ergonomics, Prevention
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Institute for Preventive Medicine of the Rostock University Medical Center, St.-Georg-Str. 108, D-18055 Rostock, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2016 Kreuzfeld et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise s
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