GFAP and Astrocyte Intermediate Filaments
This chapter focuses on the role of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and other intermediate filament (IF) proteins expressed in astroglial cells under physiological situations and it also discusses their functions in the context of selected central
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GFAP and Astrocyte Intermediate Filaments
M. Pekny . U. Wilhelmsson
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
2 2.1 2.2 2.3
Intermediate Filament Proteins Expressed in Astrocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Vimentin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Nestin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
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IFs and Their Formation in Astroglial Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
4
During Differentiation of Astroglial Cells, Nestin and Vimentin Appear Before GFAP . . . . . . 295
5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8
Mouse Genetic Models to Study the Function of GFAP and Astrocyte IFs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 GFAP and Blood–Brain Barrier Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Brain and Spinal Cord Trauma in Mice Deficient in GFAP and/or Vimentin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Astrocyte IFs and Cell Motility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Entorhinal Cortex Lesions Reveal the Yin and Yang of Reactive Gliosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 GFAP(/)Vim(/) Mice as Recipients of the CNS Transplants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 GFAP, Vimentin, and Resistance to Severe Mechanical Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 GFAP, Vimentin, Osmotic Stress, and CNS Ischemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Decreased Pathological Vascularization in GFAP(/)Vim(/) Hypoxic Retinas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
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GFAP, Cell Proliferation, and Tumorigenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
7
GFAP Mutations Cause Alexander’s Disease, a Fatal Neurodegeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006
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GFAP and astrocyte intermediate filaments
Abstract: This chapter focuses on the role of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and other intermediate filament (IF) proteins expressed in astroglial cells under physiological situations and it also discusses t
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